Pure Substances and Mixtures By: Clayton

Pure Subtance:
A single substance made of only one molecule. Example(s): Gold, copper, diamond, water

Pure Element:
An element or compound made up of one type of particle. Example(s): O2, He, O3 (ozone gas)

Atom:
The smallest part of a substance that cannot be broken down chemically. Example(s): Fe, Na, O, H, N

Compound:
A substance made up of two or more different chemical elements. Example(s): NaCl (salt), CO

Molecule:
The smallest unit of a compound, made up of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together. Example(s): H2O (water), CO2 (carbon dioxide)

Mixture:
A substance made by mixing other substances together. Example(s): Sand and water, salad dressing, soapy water

Homogeneous:
A mixture that is so well blended that its ingredients will not separate over time. Example(s): Wine

Solution:
A homogeneous type of mixture of two or more substances. Example(s): Saltwater, Coca-Cola, alloys, rubbing alcohol

Solvent:
A substance with the ability to dissolve other substances to form a solution. Example(s): Water

Polar:
A molecule with one side being positively charged and the other side being negatively charged. Example(s): Water, ammonia (NH3)

Non-polar:
A molecule that has no electrical charges. Example(s): Dish soap, vinegar, gasoline

Solute:
A substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution. Example(s): Salt

Soluble:
A substance that can dissolve in a solvent to form a solution. Example(s): Sugar, salt

Insoluble:
A substance that cannot dissolve in a solvent to form a solution. Example(s): Wax, wood

Diluted:
Lowered concentration of a solute in a solvent by adding more solvent. Example(s): Adding more water to saltwater

Concentrated:
Higher concentration of a solute in a solution by adding more solute. Example(s): Adding more salt to saltwater

Saturated:
When a substance has reached its maximum amount of space it can take up within another substance. Example(s): When you can’t add anymore salt to saltwater

Heterogeneous:
A mixture that is not uniform in composition and is made up of different elements or ingredients. Example(s): Salad dressing

Suspension:
A heterogenous mixture of solid particles and a fluid, where the particles do not dissolve in the fluid. Example(s): Chalk in water, flour in water, mud in water

Colloid:
A mixture of two substances where one substance’s particles are suspended in the other. Example(s): Blood, milk, paint, smoke

Tyndall Effect:
When light scatters as it passes through a colloid, making the light seem visible. Example(s): When you are shining a laser through fog and can see the laser beam