Regardless of the number being negative or positive the closer the correlation coefficient is to 1.00 or -1.00 the stronger the correlation
Things that affect the study that are not part of the study
Whether an experiment is null or alternative is made by the researcher before they conduct their work
You manipulate the independent variable to find how it changes the measurement which is the dependent variable
The decision of which method to use depends on the research question
A test cannot be valid without being reliable but a test can be reliable without being valid
Most of these principles were not present in the studies such as the Tuskagee Syphilis Study, Stanford Prison Experiment, and the Milgrim Experiment
A handful of methods use multiple facets in conducting data eg. interview, documents, observation, etc.
Researchers must select a sample that allows researchers to generalize the finding to the greater population
Using both ways to collect data is called mixed methods

Research Methods - Lecture (By Ella Sadler)

Variables

Independent variables

Dependent variables

Operationalizing

Extraneous

Hypothesis

Null Hypothesis

Prediction that there are no differences among treatments or no relationship

Alternative Hypothesis

Prediction that there are differences among treatments or there is a relationship among the variables

Ethics

Three main principles for research ethics

Respect for persons

Beneficence

Justice

Measurements

Validity

the extent to which the test measures what it is supposed to measure

Reliability

the consistency of tests scores to other test scores

Qualitative vs. Quantative

Qualitative Research

answers research questions through analysis of numbers

5 approaches to conduction qual. research

Narrative inquiry

Phenomenology

Grounded theory

Ethnography

Case Study

Quantitative Research

answers research questions without analysis of numbers

Popultaion vs Sample

population

Group of people that the research is interested in studying

Sample

subgroup of the population who takes part in the research

Correlations

Positive correlations

Larger values on one variable are associated with larger values on a second variable

Negative correlations

Larger values on one variable are associated with smaller values on a second variable

These nodes are connected because the dependent variable is altered by how the independent variable changes.

These nodes are connected because if the purpose is trying to find scores on a test then they should use quantitative data but if the research aims to find personal history on a town then they should use qualitative data.

These nodes are connected because all approaches use different or the same ways to collect data. An example is that narrative inquiry uses interviews and so does ethnography.

These nodes are connected because researchers can use both methods to collect data if they choose to do so

These nodes are connected because if the sample is too small to generalize to the population this increases the external validity

These nodes are connected because the - or + does not matter play into it having a stronger correlation

These nodes are connected because extraneous variables alter the experiment when it researchers did not plan for that to happen.

These nodes are connected because before the experiment is conducted the researcher will predict if a relationship will occur or there will a difference among treatments.

These nodes are connected because within these experiments basic human rights such as respect, beneficence, and justice were severely neglected.

These nodes are connected because a scale can be used to measure height (not valid) but it can be reliable with the numbers produced.