Developing Principled Frameworks for Materials Development (Brian Tomlinson)
FRAMEWORKS FOR MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT The focus on creativity
ROZUL (1995: 213) With lesson format
KEY COMPONENTS
Started
Input
General information
Laguage focus
Tasks
FORTEZ (1995; 74) RICHARDS (1995, 102-3) FLOREZ (1995 60-2) They describe the process of designing
Listening with understanding
Using grammar in oral interaction
Reading for understanding
Writing
Literature
Jolly and Bolitho (1998 97-8) Different approach to frameworks
Identification
Exploration
Contextual realization
Pedagogical realization
Production of materials
Student use of materials
PRINCIPLES IN MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT
Focus on needs analysis as their starting point
Bell and Gower (1998, 122-5) started by articulating the following principles
Flexibility, engaging context, natural language, integrate skills, learning development, proffessional respect.
Tomlinson describes a principled and flexible framework designed to help teachers to develop materials efficiently
The activities in a course should match with learner needs and wants and with principles of language learning
The best way to achieve this is to consider both the target context of use for the materials and the principles and experience of the writers
Develop a flexible framework to guide the development of the units
REPORTS
Get ready
Create pictures
See what happened in your mind
Predict in your mind , what happened in the story
Reading the news
Try to find articles, editorials, letters, and photographs
Making notes
Compare notes with other colleagues
Article writing
Write a summary articles
Use headlines, bold type, captions...
Approach to materials development
Articulate and develop their own theories of language learning and language teaching at the same time.
Create texts (Written or spoken)
Reader or listener
Sensory images and affective stimuli combine
Text-driven framework
PROCEDURE, PRINCIPLES, OBJETIVES
Text collection
Text selection
Text experience
Readiness activities
Experiential activities
Intake response activities
Development activities
Trialling
Evaluation
Revision