Shimer-Macromolecules

Nucleic Acids

Nucleotide

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, AND Nitrogen

RNA and DNA

RNA is a single nucleotide chain and DNA is a double nucleotide chain (double helix)

Stores and Transmits Hereditary Information

Phosphate Group, Nucleotide, and a Pentose Sugar make up a Nucleic Acid

Phosphate Group, Nucleotide, and a Pentose Sugar make up a Nucleic Acid

Carbohydrates

Monosaccharide

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Energy Storage, Quick Energy, Structure

Carbon Ring(Hexagon)

Carbon Ring(Hexagon)

Sugars, Starches, Cellulose, Glycogen

Glucose,Fructose, Sucrose, Maltose

Sugars end with -OSE

Pants-Starch, Animal-Glycogen

Cellulose in Nature: Structure in plants (cell walls)
Cellulose in American Diet: Fiber

Proteins

Amino Acid

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, AND Nitrogen

Hormones, Movement in Muscles, Immune System, ENZYMES, Transport

Muscle, Skin, Hair, Enzymes

There are four different layers of Proteins

There are four different layers of Proteins

The shape allows proteins to do their jobs

The R group changes between them to make them unique

Peptide bonds are the special bonds that keep them together

When a protein loses its shape it is called DENATURING

Temperature and pH can denature a protein

Lipids

Triglyceride

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, AND Nitrogen

Energy Storage, Cushions Organs, Insulates Body

Fats, Oils, Phosphlipids, Steroids

Structure of a Phospholipid

Structure of a Phospholipid

Phospholipids are found in the cell membrane

Non-Polar and Hydrophobic

Fats

Unsaturated Fats

C=C double bonds

Bend in chain

Plant and Fish Fats

Liquid at Room Temperature

Vegetable Oils

(Actual Chain is Bent)

(Actual Chain is Bent)

Saturated Fats

All C's bonded to H's

No C=C double bonds

Long, Straight Chains

Solid at Room Temperature