SIB3U1
Genetic Processes
Cell Division and Reproduction
Cell Division and Genetic Material
The Cell Cycle
Somatic Cells
Functions
Growth of the Organisms
Repair of Tissue
Replace dying/ dead cells
Duration
12 to 24 hours
Stages
Interphase
Matures/ Grows
Copies
Prepares
DNA is Chromatin
Mitosis
Genetic Material and Nucleus Divides
Prophase
Condensed into Chromosomes
Sister Chromatids
Centromere
Spindle Fibers
Centrosomes
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Division of Cytoplasm
Creation of New Cell Wall
Checkpoints
Regulation of Normality
Normal = Healthy
Abnormal = Unhealthy, Defects
Cancer
Structures
Genome
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Thymine
Sugar
Phosphate
Karyotype
Homologous
Genes
Allele
Replication
Double Helix
Chromosome Pairs
Sex Chromosome
X
Y
Autosome
Sexual Reproduction
Reproduction
Conception
Sexual
Asexual
Processes
Gamete
Zygote
Fertilization
Subtopic
Haploid
Diploid
Meiosis
Outcomes/ Importance
Genetic Reduction
Genetic Recombination
Genetic Variations
Creation of Gametes, different combinations
Exchange of Genetic Material
Independent Assortment
Crossing Over
Stages
Interphase
Phases of Meiosis
Meiosis I (Diploid)
Prophase I
Synapsis
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Meiosis II (Haploid)
Prophase II
Synapsis
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Errors
Abnormalities
Incorrect Reformation
Duplication
Deletion
Translocation
Non-Disjunction
Monosomy
Turner syndrome
Trisomy
Chromosomes 21
Down
Chromosomes 18
Edward
Chromosomes 13
Patau
Gamete Formation in Animals
Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis
Prenatal Testing
Processes
Invasive
Fetus DNA Sample
Non-Invasive
Ultrasounds
Blood Tests
Reproductive Strategies and Technologies
Strategies
In Agriculture
Selective Breeding
Artificial Insemination
Embryo Transfer
In Humans
In Vitro Fertilization
Preimplantation Diagnosis
Cloning
Gene Cloning
Recombinant DNA
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
Therapeutic Cloning
Reproductive Cloning
Patterns of Inheritance
Understanding Inheritance
Pea Plants
Trait
True Breeding
P Generation
F1 Generation
F2 Generation
Monohybrid Cross
Law of Segregation
Dominant
Recessive
Combination of Alleles
Genotype
Phenotype
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Studying Genetic Crosses
Punnett Squares
Monohybrid
Dihybrid
Test Cross
Law of Independent Assortment
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
Following Patterns of Inheritance in Humans
Pedigree
Autosomal Inheritance
Autosomal Dominant
Huntington Disease
Autosomal Recessive
Cystic Fibrosis
Genetic Test
Genetic Counselling
Gene Therapy
Complex Patterns of Inheritance
Beyond Mendel's Observations of Inheritance
Incomplete Dominance
Codominance
Heterozygous Advantage
Sickle Cell Anemia
Multiple Alleles
Blood Types
Polygenic Inheritance
Continuous Varations
Polygenic Trait
Inheritance of Linked Genes
Linked Genes
Crossing Over
Chromosome Mapping
Sex-Linked Inheritance
Sex-Linked Trait
Red and White Eyes, Fruit Flies
Hemophilia
Hairy Ears
Sex-Linked Genes
The Future of Genetic Research
Human Genome
Genomics
Gene Variations to Disease
Gene Expressions
Microarrays
Genetic Profiles
Bioinformatics
Margaret Dayhoff
Diversity of Living Things
Classifying Life's Diversity
Identifying, Naming and Classifying Species
Species
Naming Species
Binomial Nomenclature
Taxonomy
Taxonomic Categories
Rank
Taxon (Taxa)
Classification
Hierarchical Classification
Grey Wolf
Identifying Species
Morphology
Phylogeny
Determining How Species are Related
Ancestor
Evidence
DNA Evidence
Morphological
Physiological
Anatomical Evidence
Anatomy
Relationship Among Organisms
Phylogenetic Tree
Physiology Evidence
Physiology
Order Artiodactyle
Family Bovidae
Importance of Classification
Technology
Society
Environment
Kingdoms and Domains
Structural Diversity
The Six Kingdoms
Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protists
Bacteria
Archaea
Major Cell Types
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Three Domains
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
Dichotomous Key
Identification at the Species Level
Characteristics of Kingdoms
Autotroph
Heterotroph
Classifying Types of Biodiversity
Diversity
Species Diversity
Genetic Diversity
Gene Pool
Population
Benefits
Provides Resistance to Disease
Supports Conservation Biology
Ecosystem Diversity
Function
Resilience
Enhance
Diversity: From Simple to Complex
A Microscopic Look at Life's Organization
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Viruses
Classifying Viruses
Capsid
Reproduction In Viruses
Replication
Lytic Cycle
Lysogenic Cycle
Assembly
Replication
Provirus Formation
Entry
Attachment
Lysis and Release
Biotechnology
Disease
Infection, Micro-Organisms
Cold Sores
Prions
Non-viral Disease-causing
Comparing Bacteria and Archaea
Bacteria
Classifying
Gram Stain
Human Health
Environment
Archaea
Classifying
Gram Stain
Biotechnology
Morphology
Bacili
Cocci
Aggregations
Comparing
Nutrition
Methanogenesis
Habitats
Extremophiles
Heat-lover
Deep Sea Vents
Acid-lover
volcanic Crater Lakes
Salt-lover
Salt Lakes
Mesophiles
Reproduction
Binary Fission
New Genetic Content
Conjugation
Loops of DNA
Plasmids
Protecting Genetic Material
Endospores
Eukaryotic Evolution and Diversity
Endosymbiosis
Chloroplasts and Mitochondria
Endosymbiont
Host Cell
Multicellularity
Life Cycle
Reproduction
Protists: The Unicellular Eukaryotes
Protists
Characteristics
Unicellular
Algae
Red
Green
Brown
Cercozoans: Phylum Cercoza
Pseudopods
Cilliates: Phylum Ciliphora
Cillium
Flagellates: Phylum Zoomastigina
Flagellum
Sporozoans: Phylum Sporozoa
Fungus-like
Phylum Myxomycota
Phylum Acrasiomycota
Phylum Oomycota
Plant-like
Carry out Photosynthesis
Diatoms
Phylum Chrysophyta
Dinoflagellates
Phylum Pyrrophyta
Red Tide
Englenoids
Multicellular Diversity
From Algae to Terrestrial Plants
Algae
Multicellular
Dinoflagellates
Red Algae
Phylum Rhodophyta
Brown Algae
Phylum Pheaophyta
Diatoms
Green Alage
Phylum Chlorophyta
Plants
Adaptations to Land
Vascular Tissue
Xylem
Phloem
Roots
Leaves
Plant Embryos
Sporic Reproduction
Gametophyte
Sporophyte
Euglenoids
The Plant Kingdom
Non-vasular
Bryophytes
Life Cycle
Grows
Meiosis
Archegonium
Antheridium
Fertilization
Mitosis, new sporophyte
Moss
Liverworts
Hornworts
Vascular
Fern
Life Cycle
Haploid spores, Gametophyte
Male and female reproduction organs formed
Fertilization
Now a Zygote
Mitosis
Meiosis
Seed Producing
Gymnosperms
Diversity
Cone-bearing trees
Spurce
Cedars
Reproduction
Cones
Angiosperms
Diversity
Flowering Plants
Roses
Trillium
Containing Fruit
Characteristics
Flower
Sexual Reproduction
Fruit
Contains seeds
Classification
Cotyledon
Dicot
Monocot
The Fungus Kingdom
Fungi
Structure
Hypha
Mycelium
Fruiting Body
Reproduction
Sexual
Asexual
Budding
Fragmentation
Nutrition
Parastic
Predatory
Mutualistic
Saprobial
Classification
Phylum Chytridomycota
Unicellular
Aquatic
Zygospore Fungi
Zygospores
Multicellular
Phylum Ascomycota
Ascus
Sexual Reproduction
Phylum Basidiomycota
Basidium
Fruiting Bodies
Lichens
Composite Organsims
Photosynthetic
The Animal Kingdom
Animal
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
No cell wall
Heterotrophs
Ability to move
Reproduce sexually
Classifying
Invertebrates
Sponges and Cindarians
Polyp
Medusa
Worms
Molluscs
Mantle
Echinoderms
Arthropods
Exoskeleton
Vertebrates
Notchord
Fish
Cartilage
Amphibians
Tetrapods
Reptiles
Birds
Ectothermy
Endothermy
Mammals
Mammary Glands
Placenta
Bats
Bears
Whales
Levels of Organization
Tissue
Organs
Organ Systems
Number of Body Layers
Three Layers of Skin
Ectoderm
Outer Layer
Mesoderm
Middle Layer
Endoderm
Inner Layer
Symmetry and Body Plans
Radial Symmetry
Bilateral Symmetry
Body Cavity
Coelom
Segmentation
Movement
Nerve Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Reproduction
Gametic Reproduction
Zygote
Diploid
Fertilization
Haploid
The Biodiversity Crisis
Climate Change
Modelling
Food Sources
Food Chain Supply Shortages
Habitat
Flooding
Lack of Diversity
Reproduction
Sex Determination
Plants and Animal Pollinators
Dependant
Aquatic Ecosystems
Decline in Growth Rate
Crisis
Mass Extinction
Biodiversity Crisis
Evolution
Introducing Evolution
Adaptation and Variation
Extinct
Adaptations and Survival
Mimicry
Viceroy Butterfly
Variation
Heritable Mutations
English Peppered Moth
Genetics
Sexual Reproduction
Mutations
New Alleles
Selective Advantage
Daphnia
Rapid Reproduction
Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
Staphylococcus Aureus Bacterium
Natural Selection and Artificial Selection
Natural Selection
Selective Pressure
Situational
Fitness
Artificial Selection
Biotechnology
GMO
Increase Nutrition
Increase Supply
1896 Illinois Experiment Station
Consequences
Monoculture
Deformities
English Bulldogs
Genetic Engineering
Gene Banks
Developing a Theory of Evolution
Scientific Contributions to a Theory of Evolution
History of Evolution
Georges Cuvier
Palaeontology
Catastrophism
Charles Lyell
Uniformitarianism
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
Charles Darwin
Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
Descent with Modification
Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace
Survival of the Fittest
Sources of Evidence for Evolution
Fossils
Fossil Record
Transitional Fossil
Archaeopteryx
Vestigial Structure
Biogeography
Evidence
Evidence from Anatomy
Homologous Structures
Homologous Hair
Analogous Structures
Evidence from Embryology
Evidence from DNA
Evolution and Speciation
Mechanisms of Evolution and Their Effect on Populations
Genetic Variation
Change of Allele Frequencies In Populations
Mutation
Norway Rat
Selective Advantage
Gene Flow (Migration)
Grey Wolves
Non-Random Mating
Genotype
Allele Distribution
Preferred Phenotype
Humans
Inbreeding
Self-Fertillzing Flowers
Genetic Drift
The Founder Effect
Hawaiian and Galapagos Islands
Bottleneck Effect
Natural Disasters
Famine
Natural Selection
Stabilizing Selection
Directional Selection
Disruptive Selection
Sexual Selection
Sexual Dimorphism
Speciation: How Species Form
Speciation Mechanism
Pre-zygotic Isolating
Hybrid Inviability
Hybrid Sterility
Hybrid Breakdown
Behavioural Isolating
Habitat Isolating
Temporal Isolating
Mechanical Isolating
Gametic Isolating
Speciation
Sympatric
Chromosomal Changes (plants)
Non-random Mating (animals)
Allopatric
Reasons for Allopatric Speciation
Glacier
Lava Flow
Darwin's Finches
Ecological Niche
Consequences of Human Activities
Prevent Gene Flow
Giant Panda
Adaptive Radiation
Hawaiian Islands
Patterns in Evolution
Divergent Evolution
Convergent Evolution
Speed of Evolutionary Change
Gradualism
Punctuated Equilibrium