Earth's Dynamic Climate
Contributing Factors
Ocean currents
Local heat transfer and precipitation
sending heat towards polar regions
helping tropical areas cool off
act as conveyer belt
Warm and cold water
clashing air temperatures
formation of clouds, fog, and cause precipitation
water vapour increases temperature & humidity of the air
precipitation and storms
Water vapour interaction with CO2
More water evaporating from oceans
Higher level of water vapour
Reduced albedo
Warm currents raise the temperature along the coast
Cold currents drop the temperature along the coast
Due to global warming fewer winter deaths
Winds blowing over warm currents result in a good amount of rainfall
Moisture laden
Wind and air masses
Winds move air masses,
They carry their weather conditions from the source region to a new region
Air masses reach new region
Might clash with another air mass
That has a different temperature and humidity
a change in wind results in a change of weather
Hot and cold air
Elevation
Locations at a higher altitude have colder temperatures.
This means that coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer
Warmer in winter than places inland at the same latitude and altitude
Greenhouse gas effect
Anthropogenic
Carbon dioxide
2CO + O2 → 2CO2
Combustion reaction
hydrocarbon reacting with Oxygen gas.
Exothermic
Methane
CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2H2O (g).
Incomplete combustion
Exothermic
Wetlands
Rice paddies
Termites and cattle
Decomposing garbage
water vapour
a warming of Earth's surface and troposphere
Greenhouse gases keep our planet livable by holding onto some of Earth's heat energy so that it doesn't all escape into space
Sustain life on earth
Traps radiation from the sun and warms the planet's surface
Food production
Lots of energy used
Fertilizers
Pollution of water
Negative impact on marine life
Food chain is disturbed
Pollution of soil
Negative impact on plants
Food chain is disturbed
Pollution of air
Negative impact on human health
Respiration
Disturbance of respiration due to air pollution
Breath in oxygen breath out carbon dioxide
Lungs expand and compress
Diaphragm relaxes
Happens in plants/animals cells
energy is released from glucose
All the other chemical processes needed for life can happen
As waste products, carbon dioxide and water
Respiratory system and circulatory system work together
Global warming leads to better agriculture yields
Overconsumption
Reduction in earth's carrying capacity
Ecological overshoot
Enviormental degradation
Erosion
Deforestation
Biodiversity loss
Desertification
Animal extinction
Reduced ecosystem health
Less production ecosystem
decreased biodiversity
Increased climate breakdown
Increased air pollution
Acid rain
Natural water systems acidic
Negative impact on human health
PH of rain falls between 2 and 5.5
Weather
Temperature
Increased temperatures
More heat waves
Negative health affects
Longer heat waves
Negative health affects
Body becomes warmer
Blood vessels open up
Lower blood pressure
Heart works harder to push blood throughout body
Heat rash
Swollen feet
Sweating
Blood may clot
Heart attack may occur
Less ice
Impact on food chain
Thermal expansion
Less ice albedo feedback
Oceans exposed
Increase in absorbed sunlight
Plants grow/bloom earlier
Survive longer in fall
Animals wake from hibernation sooner
Migration happens at different times
Increased drought
Less plants
Habitat destruction
Wind
Precipitation
More floods
More droughts
More wildfires
Clouds
Latitude
Temperatures drop the further an area is from the equator
Due to the curvature of the earth
More energy is lost
Temperatures are cooler
More sun
Plants produce glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight.
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
Balanced chemical equation of photosynthesis
Synthesis reaction
Human acitivities
Transport and vehicals
Use complete combustion of hydrogen and carbon
Oxygen
Each oxygen atom connects up with two hydrogen atoms to form water.
Oil drilling
Disturb land and marine ecosystems
Biodiversity loss
clearing an area of vegetation
Habitat loss
Poor water quality
Groundwater contamination
Overfishing
change reproduction rates
Change food chain
Impact the economy
Habitat loss
Power plants
air pollution
asthma, cancer, heart and lung ailments
neurological problems
emit arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, & nickel
Deforestation
Biodiversity loss
Toppling entire ecosystems
Trophic cascade
Soil erosion
Threatens water systems
Acidic oceans
Increase of pH
Less trees
Increase greenhouse gas emissions
Decline of quality of life of people
Descertification
Flooding
Fossil fuels
Land degradation
Habitat loss
Water pollution
Emissions
Air pollution
Ocean acidification
Excess nitrogen in atmosphere
creation of smog
irritate your eyes, nose and throat
Worsen existing heart and lung problems or perhaps cause lung cancer
Damage plant cells and inhibit growth
Reduce the amount of CO2 intake during photosynthesis
Stop growth in G2 phase of Mitosis
can cause asthma
Narrow airways
Manufactured chemicals
Depletion stratospheric and tropospheric ozone
Chemical reactions happen which break down ozone particles
damage to skin cells
ageing of skin
cause various types of cancers
Phytoplankton and zooplankton very sensitive and die
All marine life is affected (butterfly affect of food chain)
Damage animal cells
I
Decreased plant growth
Ground-level ozone,
produced by a reaction
between sunlight and
chemicals in vehicle exhaust,
occurs near ground level as a
smog-forming pollutant
Halocarbons
CFC's are released into the environment
Sunlight breaks CFC's up releasing chlorine
Chlorine reacts with ozone, and destroys it
More reactions cause more depletion of ozone
Causes damage to human nervous system, kidney's, and the liver
Montreal protocol
Volcanic activity
Release sulphur dioxide into stratosphere
Particles reflect sunlight
Good
Feedback
Influence albedo
Terrestrial vegetation
Important
Predict future
Ocean temp
greenhouse gases
Ice sheets
Sea ice
Impacts
Impact on Canadian climate
Negative impacts
Climate
Direct impacts
Continued warming of high latitudes
Ocean acidification
Increased precipitation
Increased positive feedback loop
Warmer waters
Sea level rise
Increase of temperature of 1.7 degrees celsius since 1948
Hotter and wetter
Present Biomes
Permanent ice
Tundra
Boreal forest
Temperate deciduous forest
Temperate rainforest
Grassland
Desert
Gulf Stream may collapse next coming decades
Gulf Stream has a huge impact of Canadian weather
Sea levels would rise
Rain and weather patterns may shift
Farmers crops
less quality
less quantity
Huge impact on economy
Food industry would be down
Potential increase in hurricanes
Money loss
Infrastructure loss
Impact on society
Many Inuit populations will suffer
Live near shores
Live in Northwest Territories
Live in Yukon
Live in Nunavut
Fossil fuel industry
Increased its greenhouse gas emissions by 21.6% since 1990
Famous events
2013 Alberta floods
Extreme temperatures
Extreme weather throughout the prairies
over 719 deaths in Lyton, British Columbia
Increases in forest fires
Canada has 9% of the world's forests
38% of landmass is covered with forests
More severe forest fires
Dry conditions
Lightning strikes
High winds
Billions of dollars in damage
More money gone to waste
Increase greenhouse gas emissions in atmosphere
Less trees
Loss of ice and snow
Over 20% of ice has disappeared since 1970
Less positive albedo feedback
Rising sea levels
Eroding costlines
Shrinking land areas
Permafrost may melt
Lots of methane
Habitat loss
Flooding
Increase due to high levels of precipitation
Many will die
Insects and disease
Less clean water as floods disrupt cleavage system
Mosquitos
Global impact
Social impacts
Farmers
Indigenous populations
Environnemental migration
Food
timber
energy
Vulnerable groups
Africa
Food scarcity
Water
Food security
Water security
People near coastlines
economic impact
Greater risks to different buildings
Homes
business
Infrastructure
Increased coastal and river flooding
Marine based economies suffer
fish populations will go down
less breeding grounds
Less shellfish
Over seafood in general
Drought
Shortage of food
Food insecurity
Water insecurity
Agricultural industry will suffer
environmental impact
Glaciers shrink and fall off
Oceans absorb more heat
Damages coral reefs
Less protection against floods
Less marine life
Trees are flowering sooner
Frost free seasons lengthen
Change ecosystems
Animals come out of hibernation sooner
Accelerated sea level rise
Cause trillions of dollars of damage throughout world
storm surges and high tides may combine resulting in more damage
Land degradation
Intense droughts and heat waves
Shortage of drinking water
Insect deitasses
More wildfires
More dust storms
Impact farmers
Loss of crops
Changes in precipitation patterns
Flooding
Damage infrastructure
Loss of crops and livestock
Landslides
Peak precipitation is increasing between 5 and 10% for every one degree Celsius increase
Crop damage
Soil erosion
Change in water quality
Reduction in rainfall in subtropics
Wetter globally
Most of the world will have a 16–24% increase in heavy precipitation by 2100
Extreme weather events
More hurricanes
Increased intensity
More level 4 and 5 hurricanes
Droughts
increased water demand
urban expansion
Overpopulation
Storms
Heatwaves
Anthropogenic greenhouse gas affect
high humidity
Increases wildfires
Cyrosphere
Sensitive to changes in global climate
Thickness of sea ice has decreased by 66%
Threat to alpine glaciers
Our oceans
rising sea levels
thermal expansion
large scale change sin ocean circulation
increased temperature stratification
More CO2 in oceans
Less ice
ocean acidification
Marine heatwaves
Shift in species distribution
Ocean deoxygenation
Less cold deepwater circulation
Energy for hurricanes and cyclones
Less food for fish
Affect on food chain
Oxygen depletion
less oxygen
Adverse affects on ocean life
Coral reefs
less due to higher CO2 levels
Our wildlife
Migration up north
Land species move to higher elevations
Stress on ecological systems
Land conversion
land degradation
Pollution
Harvesting
Wetland systems
biodiversity loss
conifer forests
savanas
Mediterranean
tropical forests
Tundra
Future biomes
Less temperate deciduous forests biomes
Less boreal forests
Deforestation
Initiatives
International initiatives
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations
prevent dangerous anthropogenic (human induced) interference with the climate system
March 21 1994
197 parties
International environmental society
Allow ecosystems to adapt to climate change
ensure that food production is not threatened and unable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner
Kyoto Protocol
committing industrialized countries and economies in transition to limit and reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in accordance with agreed individual targets
binds developed countries
Heavier burden on developed countries
Most GHG released into the atmosphere
binding emission reduction targets for 37 industrialized countries and economies in transition and the European Union
2nd commitment period
starting in 2013 and lasting until 2020
Limit emmisoins in atmosphere
based on trades
First commitment period
5 per cent emission reduction compared to 1990 levels over the five year period 2008–2012
The international community agreed for the first time on binding targets and measures for combating climate change
Sustainable businesses
expand business opportunities
Global Environment Facility
Focus areas
climate change,
biodiversity,
international waters
ozone depletion
Paris Agreement
Goals
keep global temperatures well below 2 degrees Celsius
Rich countries must provide 100 billion dollars from 2020 as a floor
Must be payed by 2025
developed countries must continue to take a lead for 3rd world and 2nd world countires
aim for greenhouse gas emissions to peak as soon as possible
developed countries must provide money to developing countries
New technologies
Update and enhance technologies
Review every 5 years
Developed countries take a lead in reducing greenhouse gas emissions
Fifty-five countries, or enough to bring the total global emissions to 55%, were needed before the agreement could come into effect
To date, 97 have joined, representing 69.22% of global emissions
Saving and increasing forests
Reforestation
Eating less meat
Solar energy
Walking and biking
Use less harmful chemical such as halocarbons
One child
Renewable energy
Less power plants
less pollutants in atmosphere
arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, & nickel