Tree of Life

Eukaryota

Plantae

Tracheophyta

Magnoliopsida

Rosales

Rosaceae

Crataegus

Crataegus punctata
(Dotted Hawthorn)

Crataegus punctata 
(Dotted Hawthorn)
AM

Crataegus monogyna (hawthorn)

Crataegus monogyna (hawthorn)
HD

Fragaria

Fragaria virginiana
(wild strawberry)

Fragaria virginiana 
(wild strawberry)
JG

SB

Rubus

Rubus idaeus
(common raspberry)

Rubus idaeus 
(common raspberry)
JG

HD

Rubus occidentalis
(Black Raspberry)

Rubus occidentalis 
(Black Raspberry)
AM

Purunus

Prunus virginiana

Prunus virginiana
JG

KM

HD

Prunus Pensylvanica

Prunus Pensylvanica

Malus

Malus sp. (wild apple)

Malus sp. (wild apple)

Urticaceae

Urtica

Urtica dioica (Great Nettle)

Urtica dioica (Great Nettle)
AM

Ulmaceae

Ulmus

Ulmus americana
(american elm tree)

Ulmus americana
(american elm tree)
SB

Rhamnaceae

Rhamnus

Rhamnus cathartica
(Common Buckthorn)

Rhamnus cathartica
(Common Buckthorn)
JG

Asterales

Asteraceae

Taraxacum

Taraxacum officinale
(Dandelion)

Taraxacum officinale
 (Dandelion)
AM

HD

TE

Subtopic

Cirsium

Cirsium vulgare (Bull Thistle)

Cirsium vulgare (Bull Thistle)
AM

Matricaria

Matricaria discoidrea
(Pineappleweed)

Matricaria discoidrea 
(Pineappleweed)
AM

Liliales

Melanthiaceae

Trillium

Trillium grandiflorum

Trillium grandiflorum
AM

SB

HD

TE

Trillium erectum

Trillium erectum

Liliaceae

Tulipa

Tulipa gesneriana
(Didier's Tulip)

Tulipa gesneriana 
(Didier's Tulip)
JG
Subtopic

Subtopic

TE

Sapindales

Sapindaceae

Acer

Acer saccharum
(Sugar maple tree)

Acer saccharum 
(Sugar maple tree)
SB

HD

Acer negundo (Manitoba Maple)

Acer negundo (Manitoba Maple)

AM

Anacardiaceae

Rhus

Rhus typhina
(Staghorn Sumac)

Rhus typhina 
(Staghorn Sumac)
AM

SB

Toxicodendron

Toxicodendron vernix
(Poison Sumac)

Toxicodendron vernix
 (Poison Sumac)
AM

Toxicodendron rydbergii
(Poison Ivy)

Toxicodendron rydbergii 
(Poison Ivy)
AM

Fagales

Betulaceae

Betula

Betula spendula (silver birch)

Betula spendula (silver birch)
SB

Betula papyrifera
(paper birch)

Betula papyrifera 
(paper birch)
JG

HD

Subtopic

Subtopic

TE

Fagaceae

Quercus

Quercus rubra (Northern Red Oak)

Quercus rubra (Northern Red Oak)
AM

SB

Fabales

Fabaceae

Trifolium

Trifolium repens (White Clover)

Trifolium repens (White Clover)
AM

Trifolium pratense (red clover)

Trifolium pratense (red clover)
HD

Ranunculales

Ranunculaceae

Caltha

Caltha palustris
(Yellow Marsh Marigold)

Caltha palustris 
(Yellow Marsh Marigold)
AM

AM

Ranunculus

Ranunculus acris

Ranunculus acris

Anemone

Anemone quinquefolia
(wood anemone)

Anemone quinquefolia 
(wood anemone)
SB

Aquilegia

Aquilegia canadensis
(Red Columbine)

Aquilegia canadensis 
(Red Columbine)

Malpighiales

Salicaceae

Populus

Populus tremuloides
(trembling aspen)

Populus tremuloides 
(trembling aspen)
JG

Populus balsamifera (Balsam Poplar)

Populus balsamifera (Balsam Poplar)
AM

Salix

Salix babylonica willow)

SB

Violacea

Viola L

Viola sororia

Viola sororia
TE

Cornales

Cornaceae

Cornus

Cornus sericea
(red oiser dog wood)

Cornus sericea
(red oiser dog wood)
SB

AM

KM
ternifolia

ternifolia

VA

Apiales

Apiaceae

Pastinaca

Pastinaca sativa
(Wild parsnip)

Pastinaca sativa 
(Wild parsnip)
AM

Araliaceae

Aralia

Aralia racemosa

Spikenard

Spikenard
VA

Saxifragales

Grossulariaceae

Ribes

AM

Lamiales

Oleaceae

Fraxinus

Fraxinus americana (White Ash)

Fraxinus americana (White Ash)
JG

Plantaginaceae

Plantago

Plantago major
(Greater Plantain)

Plantago major 
(Greater Plantain)
AM

Scrophulariaceae

Verbascum

Verbascum thapsus
(Great Mullein)

Verbascum thapsus 
(Great Mullein)
AM

Caryophyllales

Caryophyllaceae

Silene

Silene latifolia
(White Campion)

Silene latifolia 
(White Campion)
AM

Gentianales

Apocynaceae

Asclepias

Asclepias syriaca
(Common Milkweed)

Asclepias syriaca 
(Common Milkweed)
JG

KM

Laurales

Lauraceae

Sassafras

Sassafras albidum

Sassafras albidum
SB

Brassicales

Brassicaceae

Barbarea

Barbarea vulgaris
(Yellow Rocket)

Barbarea vulgaris
 (Yellow Rocket)
AM

Dipsacales

Caprifoliaceae

Lonicera

Lonicera tatarica
(Tatarian Honeysuckle)

Lonicera tatarica 
(Tatarian Honeysuckle)
AM

Asparagales

Amaryllidaceae

Narcissus

Narcissus poeticus
(Poets Narcissus)

Narcissus poeticus 
(Poets Narcissus)
JG

Alismatales

Araceae

Arisaema

Arisaema Tryphyllum

Arisaema Tryphyllum
VA

Piperales

Aristolochiaceae

Asarum

Asarum canadense

Asarum canadense
VA

Fagales

Fagaceae

Fagus

Fagus grandifolia

Fagus grandifolia
VA

Pinopsida

Cordaitales

Pinaceae

Pinus

Pinus resinosa
(Red Pine)

Pinus resinosa
(Red Pine)

HD

Pinales

Cupressaceae

Thuja

Thuja Occidentails
(eastern white cedar)

Thuja Occidentails 
(eastern white cedar)
SB

HD

VA

Pinaceae

Tsuga

Tsuga canadensis (Eastern Hemlock)

Tsuga canadensis (Eastern Hemlock)
JG

Abies

Abies Balsamea (balsam fir)

Abies Balsamea (balsam fir)
SB

Picea

Picea glauca (White Spruce)

Picea glauca (White Spruce)

Cupperanceae

Juniperus communis L

Juniperus communis L

TE

Polypodiopsida

Polypodiales

Onocleaceae

Onoclea

Onoclea sensibilis (sensitive fern)

Onoclea sensibilis (sensitive fern)
SB

Dennstaedtiaceae

Pteridium

Pteridium aquilinum
(Bracken Fern)

Pteridium aquilinum 
(Bracken Fern)
JG

TE

Equisetales

Equisetaceae

Equisetum

Equisetum arvense
(horse tails)

Equisetum arvense 
(horse tails)
HD

HD

SB

Charophyta

Zygnematophyceae

Zygnematales

Zygnemataceae

Spirogyra

Spirogyra porticalis

Spirogyra porticalis
NC

Bryophyta

Bryopsida

Hypnales

Hylocomiaceae

Rhytidiadelphus

Rhytidiadelphus sp.
(Goose neck moss)

Rhytidiadelphus sp. 
(Goose neck moss)
SB

Animalia

Chordata

Mammalia

Perissodactyla

Equidae

Equus

Equus caballus
(Horse)

Equus caballus 
(Horse)
JG

Chiroptera

Vespertilionidae

Myotis

Myotis lucifugus (Little Brown Bat )

Myotis lucifugus (Little Brown Bat )
AM

Lagomorpha

Leporidae

Lepus

Lepus americanus
(Snowshoe Hare)

Lepus americanus 
(Snowshoe Hare)
AM

MM

Rodentia

Sciuridae

Sciurus

Sciurus carolinensis
(Eastern Grey Squirrel)

Sciurus carolinensis 
(Eastern Grey Squirrel)
AM

Erethizontidae

Erethizon

Erethizon dorsatus
(Common Porcupine)

Erethizon dorsatus 
(Common Porcupine)
AM

Castoridae

Castor

Castor canadensis (Canadian Beaver)

Castor canadensis (Canadian Beaver)
MM

Carnivora

Procyonidae

Procyon

Procyon lotor
(Common Raccoon)

Procyon lotor
 (Common Raccoon)
AM

MM

Canidae

Canis

Canis lupus (wolf)

Subspecies: Canis lupus familiaris (Dog)

Subspecies: Canis lupus familiaris (Dog)
AM

Canis latrans (Coyote)

Canis latrans (Coyote)
MM

Vulpes

Vulpes vulpes (Red Fox)

Vulpes vulpes (Red Fox)
MM

Ursidae

Ursus

Ursus americanus (Black Bear)

Ursus americanus (Black Bear)
JG

SB

MM

Felide

TE

Felus

TE

Catus (Thanos)

Catus (Thanos)
TE

Artiodactyla

Cervidae

Odocoileus

Odocoileus virginianus
(White-tailed Deer)

Odocoileus virginianus
 (White-tailed Deer)
AM

MM

SB

Alces

Alces americana (Eastern Moose)

Alces americana (Eastern Moose)
MM

Primates

Hominidae

Homo

Homo sapiens

Homo sapiens
AM|TE

AM|TE

Aves

Passeriformes

Corvidae

Cyanocitta

Cyanocitta cristata (blue jay)

Cyanocitta cristata (blue jay)
JG

Emberizidae

Zonotrichia

Zonotrichia leucophrys
(White-crowned Sparrow)

Zonotrichia leucophrys
(White-crowned Sparrow)
AM

Fringillidae

Spinus

Spinus tristis (American goldfinch)

Spinus tristis (American goldfinch)
JG

Cardinalidae

Pheucticus

Pheucticus ludovicianus
(Rose-Breasted Grosbeak)

Pheucticus ludovicianus 
(Rose-Breasted Grosbeak)
JG

Sturnidae

Sturnus

Sturnus vulgaris (European sparling)

Sturnus vulgaris (European sparling)
AM

Paridae

Poecile

Poecile atricapillus (Black Capped Chickadee)

Poecile atricapillus (Black Capped Chickadee)
MM

Apodiformes

Trochilidae

Archilochus

Archilochus colubris

Archilochus colubris
NC

Anseriformes

Anatidae

Branta

Branta canadensis (Canadian Geese)

Branta canadensis (Canadian Geese)
AM

SB

Anas

Anas Platyrhynchos (Mallard Duck)

Anas Platyrhynchos (Mallard Duck)
MM

Galliformes

Phasianidae

Phasianus

Phasianus colchicus (Ring-necked Pheasant)

Phasianus colchicus (Ring-necked Pheasant)
MM

Meleagris

Meleagris gallopavo (Wild Turkey)

Meleagris gallopavo (Wild Turkey)
JG

Paciformes

Pacidae

Picoides

Picoides pubescens
(Downy Woodpecker)

Picoides pubescens 
(Downy Woodpecker)
JG

Reptilia

Testudines

Chelydridae

Chelydra

Chelydra serpentina

Chelydra serpentina
NC

Amphibia

Anura

Ranidae

Lithobates

Lithobates pipiens
(Northern Leopard Frog)

Lithobates pipiens
(Northern Leopard Frog)
AM

MM

Lithobates clamitans (Green Frog)

Lithobates clamitans (Green Frog)
MM

Lithobates Castbiaious
(Bullfrog Tadpole)

Lithobates Castbiaious 
(Bullfrog Tadpole)
JK +11

Hylidae

Hyla

Hyla versicolor (Grey Treefrog)

Hyla versicolor (Grey Treefrog)
AM

MM

Bufonidae

Anaxyrus

Anaxyrus americanus (American Toad)

Anaxyrus americanus (American Toad)
AM

MM

Telostei

Perciformes

Centrarchidae

Micropterus

Micropterus salmoides (largemouth Bass)

Micropterus salmoides (largemouth Bass)
MM

Lepomis

Lepomis gibbosus (Pumpkinseed Sunfish)

Lepomis gibbosus (Pumpkinseed Sunfish)
MM

Percidae

Sander

Sander vitreus (Walleye)

Sander vitreus (Walleye)
MM

Esociformes

Esocidae

Esox

Esox lucius (Northern Pike)

Esox lucius (Northern Pike)
MM

Gasterosteiformes

Gasterosteidae

Apeltes

Apeltes quadracus
(male four-spined stickleback)

Apeltes quadracus 
(male four-spined stickleback)
JK +11

Culaea

Culaea inconstans
(female brook stickleback)

Culaea inconstans
 (female brook stickleback)
JK +11

Gadiformes

Gadidae

Lota

Lota oken (Burbot)

Lota oken (Burbot)
MM

Arthropoda

Arachnida

Araneae

Thomisidae

Misumena

Misumena vatia
(Goldenrod Crab Spider)

Misumena vatia 
(Goldenrod Crab Spider)
AM

TE

KM

Pisauridae

Dolomedes

Dolomedes tenebrosus (Dark fishing Spider)

Dolomedes tenebrosus (Dark fishing Spider)
MM

Trombidiformes

Tetranychidae

Bryobia

Bryobia praetiosa (Clover Mite)

Bryobia praetiosa (Clover Mite)
MM

KM

Insecta

Odonata

Lestidae

Lestes

Lestes disjunctus (Northern Spreadwing)

Lestes disjunctus (Northern Spreadwing)
AM

Coleoptera

Coccinellidae

Coleomegilla

Coleomegilla maculata
(Spotted Lady Beetle)

Coleomegilla maculata 
(Spotted Lady Beetle)
JG

TE

Scarbidea

Melolonthinae

Phyllophaga (may beetle)

Phyllophaga (may beetle)
TE

Hymenoptera

Apidae

Bombus

Bombus impatiens
(common eastern bumble bee)

Bombus impatiens 
(common eastern bumble bee)
e1AM

SB

Diptera

Muscidae

Musca

Musca domestica (common house fly)

Musca domestica (common house fly)
NC

Culicidae

Culex

Culex territans (Mosquito)

Culex territans (Mosquito)
AM

Hymenoptera

Formiciade

Camponotus

Camponotus pennsylvanicus
(Eastern black carpenter ant)

Camponotus pennsylvanicus 
(Eastern black carpenter ant)
SB

Malacostraca

Decapoda

Cambaridae

Faxonius

Faxonius rusticus (Rusty Crayfish)

Faxonius rusticus (Rusty Crayfish)
MM

Annelida

Clitellata

Opisthopora

Lumbricidae

Lumbricus

Lumbricus terrestris (Common Earthworm)

Lumbricus terrestris (Common Earthworm)
AM

SB

Hirudinida

Hirundinidae

Hirudo

Hirudo medicinalis (common leech)

Hirudo medicinalis (common leech)
MM

Mollusca

Gastropoda

Stylommatophora

Arionidae

Arion

Arion subfuscus

Arion subfuscus
SB

Succineidae

Novisuccinea

Novisuccinea Ovalis

Novisuccinea Ovalis

TE

Fungi

Ascomycota

Dothideomycetes

Pleosporales

Venturiaceae

Apiosporina

Apiosporina morbosa
(Black Knot Fungus)

Apiosporina morbosa 
(Black Knot Fungus)
AM

Lecanoromycetes

Lecanorales

Cladoniaceae

Cladonia

Cladonia chlorophaea (pixie cup lichen)

Cladonia chlorophaea (pixie cup lichen)
SB

KM

Pezizomycetes

Pezizales

Pyronemataceae

Aleuria

Aleuria aurantia (orange cup fungus)

Aleuria aurantia (orange cup fungus)
HD

Discomycetes

Pezizales

Morchellaceae

Morchella

Morchella esculentoides (True morel)

Morchella esculentoides (True morel)
HD

Basidiomycota

Agaricomycetes

Polyporales

Polyporaceae

Daedaleopsis

Daedaleopsis confragosa (blushing bracket)

Daedaleopsis confragosa (blushing bracket)
HD

Polyporus

Polyporus squamosus (Dryadś Saddle

Polyporus squamosus (Dryadś Saddle
MM

SB

Fromitopsidaceae

Fomitopsis

Fomitopsis (Birch Polypore)

Fomitopsis (Birch Polypore)
MM

Archaea

Bacteria

AM|TE

SB