Atomic Nucleus Homework

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Atomic Nucleus

Types of Radioactive decay

Electron Capture

Ex. Ga-67

Occurs when a orbital electron travels close to the Proton rich nucleus It is captured, and combined with a P+ to form a N

X-rays are emitted

Originates: electron shell

Positron Decay

Neutrino is created

Z # decreases by 1 A # remains the same

A Proton rich nucleus converts a P+ -> N A e+ (positron) is created

when the e+ is created it looses energy b/c its colliding with surrounding matter, it gets attracted to an electron and they spiral towards one another before annihilation. (mass of the e+ and e- is converted into pure EM energy)

Gamma Decay

Ex. Mo99-Tc-99m

Occurs if there is more than 100 keV of excess energy,

Isomeric Transition

change in the extranuclear portion of an atom from a high energy level to a lower level accompanied by the release of EM radiation = gamma radiation

Beta decay

Ex. I-131 -> Xe-131

Antineutrino is created (no electrical charge/mass)

needed to conserve energy in the decay it carries away the difference between B- particle energy and the decay energy.

Z # increases by 1 A # remains the same

B/c the Z # changed, a new element is formed

A neutron rich nucleus converts a N -> P+ An electron is created

Originates: nucleus

Alpha Decay

Z # decreases by 2 A # decreases by 4

Results from the decay of very heavy nuclei

Originates: in the nucleus

alpha particles are monoenergetic range in matter is very short