Scientific and Critical thinking-vargha

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by heba amr

Scientific and Critical Thinking

they are the same but critical thinking deals with life and society while scientific thinking deals with investigating nature.

scientific method in practice

6.constructing theory

5.test fails

back to step '3'

4.testing hypothesis

3.proposing hypothesis

2.gathering information

1.stating the problem

Skeptisism

constant questioning of one's beliefs & conclusions

accept things as true only baced on

Logical Arguement

Emperical Evidence

test your beliefs against objectives

knowledge claims by self or others must be questioned

self-deception/deception by others: common human failings

Rationalism

logical reasoning

struggle with one's will,subjective beliefs, emotions and feelings

must be learned through formal education

cannot develope & improve it on their own

not born with it

not used by most people

Empiricism

can be seen, heard, touched, tasted, smelled

Natrural evidence: Evidence found in nature

Naturalism

rejects

beliefs based on Dogma

supernaturalism

absolute truth

emphsises strong connection between science & nature

relies on natural evidence

more reliable than:

authoritarian evidence

emotional evidence

spectral evidence

revelatory evidence

circumstancial evidence

testimonial evidence

hearsay evidence