英文字根

英文字根

字首

否定

a-/an-

=without

e.g..

atypical

r

a.é

a

without

typ

type

ical

adj.

amnesty

r

n.大è

a

without

mne

memory

sty

noun

apathetic

r

a.冷漠的、漠不é

a

without

path

feeling

etic

adj.

apolitical

r

a.é

a

without

polit

government

ical

adj.

atheist

r

n.無神è

a

without

the

god

ist

person

anonymous

r

a.匿名的The police chief sometimes gets anonymous phone calls.

an

without

onym

name

ous

adj.

anti- / ant-

= against

e.g..

anti-American

Antarctic

r

n.南極洲  a.南極的The Antarctic is the only continent withoutinhabitants.>permarnent

ant

against

arctic

Arctic

antidote

r

n.è

anti

against

dote

give

antipathy

r

n.反感Americans traditionally have a strong antipathy againsttyranny.

anti

against

path

feel

y

noun

contra-/ contro-/ counter-

=against

e.g..

contrary

r

a.相反的

contra

against

ry

adj.

contradict

r

v.反é

contra

against

dict

speak

controversial

r

a.有爭è

contro

against

vers

turn

ial

adj.

counterfeit

r

a.偽é

counter

against

feit

make

dis- / dif-(+f)

= not, apart

e.g..

dishonest

dis

not

honest

honest

disinfectant

r

n.殺è

dis

not

in

in

fect

do

ant

noun

disinterested

r

a.è

dis

not

interest

interest

ed

adj.

dissect

r

v.è

dis

apart

sect

cut

dissonance

r

n.不和è

dis

apart

son

sound

ance

noun

diffident

r

a.缺乏è

dif

not

fid

faith

ent

adj.

in-/im-(+m, b, p)/ir-(+r) / il-(+l)

=not

e.g..

indirect

in

not

di

away

rect

right

insatiable

r

a.無法滿è

in

not

sat

fill

iable

able

intrepid

r

a.無畏的The intrepid mountaineers pushed on toward the summit,despite bad weather.

in

not

trep

fear

id

adj.

illiterate

r

a.不è

il

not

liter

letter

ate

noun/adj.

immemorial

r

a.久é

im

not

memor

remember

ial

adj.

irrepressible

r

a.壓抑不了的The desire for liberty is irrepressible.

ir

not

re

back

press

press

ible

able

un-

=not

e.g..

unhappy

un

not

happy

happy

unequivocal

r

a.明確的The UN speaksman's condemnation of the invasion isunequivocal.

un

not

equi

equal

voc

voice

al

adj.

untenable

r

a.è

un

not

ten

hold

able

able

方位

ante- / anti-

=before

e.g..

antecedent

r

n.先è

ante

before

ced

go

ent

noun

antebellum

r

a.戰前的Slavery provided laborthe plantationsin theantebellum South.>on

ante

before

bell

war

um

adj.

ante meridiem

r

午前（A.M.）Classes begins at 9:30 A.M.

ante

before

meri

middle

diem

day

anteroom

r

n.會客室、接待室Visitors to the girls' dormitory must wait in the anteroom.

ante

before

room

room

anticipate

r

v.é

anti

before

cip

take

ate

(verb)

pre-

=before

e.g..

prevent

pre

before

vent

come

preclude

r

v.排é

pre

before

clude

close

prescience

r

'presciencen.未卜先知The investordemostratedremarkable prescience by sellinghis stocks before the marketcrashed.

pre

before

sci

know

ence

noun

presentiment

r

n.é

pre

before

sent

feel

iment

noun

unprecedented

r

a.史無前例的The president's preposal to visitMainland China wasunprecedented.

un

not

pre

before

ced

go

ented

adj.

ad-

=to, toward

e.g..

advance

ad

toward

vance

front

admonish

r

v.è

ad

to

mon

warn

ish

(verb)

affectation

r

n.做作、è

af

to

fect

do

ation

noun

alleviate

r

v.減è

al

to

lev

light

iate

(verb)

ob-/ obs- / oc- / of- / op-

=toward, against

e.g..

oppose

op

against

pose

place

obstinate

r

a.é

obs

against

tin

hold

ate

(adj.)

obviate

r

v.免é

ob

against

vi

way

ate

(verb)

Occident

r

n.è

Oc

toward

cid

fall

ent

(noun)

officiate

r

v.主持The Pope officiated at theChristmas mass.

of

toward

fic

do

iate

(verb)

pro-

= forward, for

e.g..

progress

r

n.v.é

pro

forward

gress

step

progenitor

r

n.祖先Homo erectus is a progenitorof Homo sapiens.

pro

forward

gen

birth

itor

one who

prognosis

r

n.é

pro

forward

gnos

know

is

(noun)

pro-life

r

a.反墮è

pro-

for

life

life

provoke

r

v.挑é

pro

forword

voke

call

post-

= after

e.g..

postpone

r

v.延期

post

after

pone

place

posterity

r

n.後代We must protect theenvironment for posterity.

post

after

erity

(noun)

postmortem

r

n.é

post

after

mort

death

me

(noun)

(adj.)

preposterous

r

a.è

pre

before

post

after

erous

(adj.)

re-

= back, again

retro- = backward

e.g..

return

re

back

turn

turn

recuperate

r

v.康復，痊癒Within a few months, theTaiwan stock market hasrecuperated from the missilescare.

re

again

cuper

cover

ate

(verb)

regenerate

r

v.再生A lizard can regenerate a tailwhen the original one is brokenoff.

re

again

gen

birth

erate

(verb)

retrospect

r

n.回é

retro

backward

spect

look

epi-

=upon

e.g.

epidemic

r

n.疫情、傳染病a.流è

epi

upon

dem

people

ic

(noun)

(adj.)

epicenter

r

n.é

epi

upon

center

center

epigram

r

n.è

epi

upon

gram

write

epilogue

r

n.尾è

epi

upon

logue

speak

episode

r

n.事件；插曲The death of a Hong Kongactivist was an unfortunein the Chinese people'sdefense of Diaoyutai againstJapanese invasion.episode

epi

upon

sode

sing

epitaph

r

n.墓è

epi

upon

taph

tomb

super- / sur-

= over

e.g.

supermarket

super

over

market

market

supersede

r

v.取代、淘汰

super

over

sede

sit

supremacy

r

n.主導地位、優勢The former Soviet Union viedwith the U.S. for global nuclearsupremacy.

supr

over

emacy

(noun)

surrealism

r

n.è

sur

over

real

real

ism

(noun)

survey

r

n. v.è

sur

over

vey

view

insurmountable

r

a.無法克服的Faced with insurmountableobstacles, the expedition leaderhad to call off the wholeoperation.

in

not

sur

over

mount

climb

able

able

sub- /suc-/ suf/ sup-/ sus-

=under

e.g.

suburb

sub

under

urb

city

subjugate

r

v.征服、役使The Baltic States weresubjugated first by CzaristRussia and then by the formerSoviet Union.

sub

under

jug

yoke

ate

(verb)

succor

r

v.援助It is a stated purpose of the U.N.to succor countries in distress.

suc

under

cor

heart

suffocate

r

v.窒息Most victims of the fire weresuffocated instead of beingburned to death.

suf

under

foc

throat

ate

(noun)

suppressant

r

n.抑制劑Many obesity-fighting drugs aremerely appetite suppressants.

sup

under

press

press

ant

(noun)

susceptible

r

a.易受影é

sus

under

cept

take

ible

able

ambi- / amphi

= around, both

e.g.

ambition

ambi

around

(i)t

go

tion

noun.

e- / ec- / ef- / ex-

= out

peri-

= around, near

程度

macro-

= great

micro-

= tiny

multi-

= many

poly-

= many

omni-

= all

狀態、現象

數字

字根

否定

方位

程度

狀態

現象

身體

姿勢

心、心理活動

行為動作

感官動作

aud

= hear

e.g.

audience

aud

hear

ience

(noun)

audiophile

r

n. 音響迷

audio

hear

phile

(noun)

audiovisual

r

a. 視聽的

audio

hear

vis

see

ual

(adj.)

audit

r

v. n. 查帳，

aud

hear

it

go

audition

r

n. v. 試鏡

aud

hear

it

go

ion

(noun)

auditor

r

n. 旁聽生；查帳員

aud

hear

it

go

or

one who

r

n. v. 試鏡

auditorium

r

n. 大廳、禮堂、演講廳

aud

hear

it

go

or

one who

ium

(noun

auditory

r

a. 聽覺的

aud

hear

it

go

ory

(adj.)

inaudible

in

not

aud

hear

ible

able

r

a.聽不到

dic / dict

= speak

e.g.

predict

pre

before

dict

speak

abdicate

r

v. 遜位When the queen abdicate, the prince will ascend the throne of the kindom.

ab

away

dic

speak

ate

(noun)

indication

in

in (not?)

r

n. 指示

dic

speak

at

ion

(noun)

dictation

r

n. 口授；命令；聽寫

dict

speak

at

ion

(noun)

dictator

r

n. 獨裁者（只說不聽→獨裁者）

dict

speak

at

or

(noun) person

diction

r

n. 用字

dict

speak

ion

(noun)

dictionary (!)

dict

speak

ion

ary

dictum

r

n. 宣言

dict

speak

um

(noun)

addicted

r

a. 上癮的

ad

to

dict

speak

ed

(adj.)

benediction

r

n. （宗教的）祝福The Pope gave the benediction at the Christmas Mass.

bene

good

dict

speak

ion

(noun)

contradictory

r

a. 矛盾的

contra

against

dict

speak

ory

(adj.)

edict

r

n. 命令（說出去→命令）

e(x)

out

dict

speak

valedictorian

r

n. 致詞代表

vale

farewell

dict

speak

or

ian

(noun) person

verdict

r

n. 判決（正確的說→判決）

ver

true

dict

speak

ditto

r

adv. 同上（說一樣→同上）

dit

speak

to

(adv.)

ditty

r

n. 小調、曲子

dit

speak

ty

(noun)

locu / loqu

= speak

e.g.

colloquial

r

n. 口語的 (informal)（大家一起說出來的→口語的）

col

together

loqu

speak

ial

(adj.)

elocution

r

n. 演說術（說出去→演說術）

e(x)

out

locu

speak

tion

(noun)

interlocutor

r

n. 對話者one who speaks with you → interlocutor

inter

between

locu

speak

tor

one who

loquacious

r

a. 多話的

loqu

speak

acious

(adj. of -acity/ -acy)

eloquent

r

a. 雄辯的

e(x)

out

loqu

speak

ent

(ent)

grandiloquent

r

a. 高昂的；誇大的

grandi

great

loqu

speak

ent

(adj.)

soliloquy

r

n. 獨白

soli

one

loqu

speak

y

(noun)

ventriloquist

r

n. 腹語者

ventri

stomach

loqu

speak

ist

one who

log / logue

= speak, word

e.g.

dialogue

r

n. 對話

dia

through

logue

speak

prologue

r

n. 前言，序文

pro

before

logue

speak

epilogue

r

n. 尾聲，終曲（說到最後→尾聲）

epi

upon

logue

speak

monologue

r

n. 獨白

mono

one

logue

speak

travelouge

r

n. 遊記，旅遊記錄片

travel

travel

(l)ogue

speak

logy

= study of

e.g.

biology

bio

life

logy

study of

bacteriology

bacteri

bacteria

ology

study of

geology

geo

earth

logy

study of

meteorology

r

n. 氣象學meteor: 流星

a

meteror

meteror

ology

study of

neurology

r

n.神經學

a

neuro

nerve

logy

study of

pathology

r

n. 病理學

a

path

suffering

ology

study of

physiology

r

n. 生理學

physi

body

ology

study of

psychology

r

n.心理學

psycho

mind

logy

study of

sociology

r

n. 社會學

socio

group

logy

study of

technology

techno

skill

logy

study of

theology

r

n. 神學

theo

god

logy

study of

zoology

r

n. 動物學

zoo

animal

logy

study of

clam, claim

= shout

e.g.

exclaim

r

n.驚呼

ex

out

claim

shout

clamor

r

n. v. 吵鬧，喧囂

clam

shout

or

(verb)

(noun)

claim

r

v. n. 聲明

claim

shout

claimant

r

n. 提出要求者；申請人（限於法律、保險）

claim

shout

ant

one who

acclaim

r

v. n. 好評（好到讓人想大叫→好評）* acclaim the winner of the race* a much acclaimed performance* The book received great critical acclaim.

ac

to

claim

shout

disclaim

r

v. 正式否認

dis

not

claim

shout

proclaim

r

v. 宣布

pro

forward

claim

shout

reclaim

r

v. 恢復、收回；開墾

re

again

claim

shout

chor / choreo / car

= sing, dance

e.g.

chorus

r

n. 合唱（我們一起唱→合唱）

a

chor

sing

us

(noun)

chord

r

n. 和弦

chor

sing

d

(noun)

choreography

r

n. 編舞

choreo

dance

graph

write

y

(noun)

choir

r

n. 唱詩班

a

choir

sing

carol

car

sing

ol

(noun)

spect / spic / spise

= look

e.g.

expect

r

v. 期望

ex

out

(s)pect

look

spectacles

r

n.眼鏡

spect

look

acles

(noun)

spectacular

r

a. 壯觀的（看起來很大→壯觀）

spect

look

ac

ul

ar

(adj.)

spectator

r

n.觀眾、旁觀者

spect

look

at

(verb)

or

one who

specter

r

n.陰影

spect

look

er

(noun)

spectrum

r

n. 光譜

spect

look

rum

(noun)

speculate

r

v. 投機；揣測The billionaire made his fortune by speculating in real estate.

spec

look

ul

ate

(noun)

aspect

r

n. 層面，方面

a(d)

to

spect

look

(be)spectacled

r

a.戴眼鏡的

be

be

spect

look

acle

(noun)

d

(adj.)

circumspect

r

a.謹慎的（四處觀看→謹慎的）

circum

around

spect

look

inspect

r

v.檢查，視察

in

in

spect

look

perspective

r

n. 觀點

per

through

spect

look

ive

(noun)

prospect

r

n. 期望look forward→期望

pro

forward

spect

look

retrospect

r

n. 回顧look backward →回顧

retro

backward

spect

look

conspicuous

r

a. 醒目的，顯著的

con

(strong)

spic

look

uous

(adj.)

despise

r

v. n. 鄙視（look down 低頭看→鄙視）

de

down

spise

look

vid / vis

= see

e.g.

visit

r

n. v. 拜訪（去看別人→拜訪）

vis

see

it

go

video

r

n. 影像

vid

see

eo

(noun)

evident

r

a. 明顯的

e(x)

out

vid

see

ent

(adj.)

vision

r

n.遠見；視覺

vis

see

ion

(noun)

visual

r

a. 視覺的

vis

see

ual

(adj.)

invisible

r

a. 看不見的

in

not

vis

see

ible

able

envision

r

v.幻想，想像Can you envision life in the next millennum?

en

(verb)

vis

see

ion

(noun)

provision

r

n. 條款The Super 301 is a special provision of U.S. trade law under which the U.S. may impose punitive tariffs on countries suspected of unfair trade practices.

pro

for

vis

see

ion

(noun)

revise

r

v. 修訂（再看一遍→修訂）

re

again

vise

see

supervisor

r

n.上司（在上方監視的人→上司）

super

over

vis

see

or

one who

preview

r

n. 預習

pre

before

view

see

tach / tact / tag / tang / tig

= touch

e.g.

contact

r

n. v. 接觸

con

together

tact

touch

attach

r

v. 附上

at(ad)

to

tach

touch

attachment

r

n. 附件

at(ad)

to

tach

touch

ment

(noun)

detachment

r

n. 派遣the detachment of units from the main forcen. 獨立、客觀show detachment in one's judgementsn.超然He answered with an air of detachment.

de

away

tach

touch

ment

(noun)

tactful

r

a. 言行得體的；不得罪人的；能贏得好感的

tact

touch

ful

(adj.)

tactile

r

a. 觸覺的

tact

touch

ile

(adj.)

intact

r

a. 完好無缺的The delicate package arrived intact.

in

not

tact

touch

contagious

r

a. 傳染性的Scarlet fever is highly contagious.a.（比喻的）感染性的contagious laughterYawning is contagious.

con

together

tag

touch

ious

(adj.)

tangential

r

a. 離題的；略為觸及的

tang

touch

ent

ial

(adj.)

tangled

r

a. 糾纏的；雜亂的Every moring his hair is a tangled mess.

tang

touch

led

(adj.)

tango

r

n. v. 探戈

tang

touch

o

(noun)

(verb)

intangible

r

a. 無形的

in

not

tang

touch

ible

able

contiguous

r

a. 相連接的

con

together

tig

touch

uous

(adj.)

感覺

sens / sent

= feel

e.g.

sense

r

n. v. 感覺、意識

sense

feel

sensational

r

a. 聳動的a sensational crime

sens

feel

at

ion

(noun)

al

(adj.)

senseless

r

a. 無知覺的；沒道理的

sense

feel

less

without

sensual

r

a. 感官的、欲望的the sensual feel of a warm bath

sens

feel

ual

(adj.)

sensuous

r

a. 刺激感官的the sensuous appeal of her painting

sens

feel

uous

(adj.) full of

consensus

r

n. 共識

con

together

sens

feel

us

(noun)

extrasensory

r

a. 超感官的

extra

beyond

sens

feel

ory

(adj.)

hypersensitive

r

a. 特別敏感的Taiwan independence is a hypersensitive political issue on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.

hyper

over

sens

feel

itive

(adj.)

insensate

r

a. 無生命的、無感覺的The Gaia hypothesis regards the earth as one big organism rather than an insensate object.

in

not

sens

feel

ate

(adj.)

insensible

r

a. 無知覺的The knocked-out boxer is lying insensible on the floor.

in

not

sens

feel

ible

able

sentient

r

a. 有感情的、有感覺的Experts say that elephants are sentient animals that form family groups and grieve over the death of relatives.

sent

feel

ient

(adj.)

sentimental

r

a. 溫情主義的Free Willy is a sentimental moveie about a boy's eforts to rescue a killer whale from captivity.

sent

feel

iment

al

(adj.)

sentinel

r

n. 哨兵v. 站衛兵The tall elm tree stands on the edge of the plain like a solitary sentinel.

sent

feel

in

el

(noun)

(verb)

sentry

r

n. 哨兵The sentry at the military base will stop any vehicle that fails to show proper identification.

sent

feel

ry

(noun)

assent

r

n. v. 同意The U.N. cannot take any major action without the assent of the five standing members of the Security Council.

as

to

sent

feel

consent

r

n. v. 同意The essence of John Locke's political theory is that government depends on the consent of the governed.

con

together

sent

feel

dissent

r

n. v. 異議Totalitarian government does not tolerate political dissent.

dis

apart

sent

feel

presentiment

r

n.預感Before the bloody crackdown, few of the demonstrators had any presentiment of danger.

pre

before

sent

feel

iment

(noun)

resent

r

v. 反感Some Native Americans resent being called Indians.

re

against

sent

feel

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