chapter 13: informative speech to enlighten by sharing ideas and information
forms of informative speeches
Description:
Purpose: to describe what’s out there.
Uses vivid language to illustrate an activity, object, person or place.
Should give audience a clear picture of subject
Demonstration:
Shows an audience how to do something.
Speaker and present and discuss objects that must be used, show slides that reveal steps, or demonstrate how to do it
Explanation:
Offers information about subjects that are abstract or complicated. •Should present the critical characteristics of a subject and offer abundant examples
helping listeners to learn
Motivating Audience to Listen: To motivate listeners, especially those who are not initially interested in your subject, you must tell them why your message is important to them
Maintaining Audience Attention:
Relevance: refers to the extent to which a speech relates to an audience’s specific needs, interests, or concerns
Intensity: aspects of a speech that have a quality of striking or standing out
Contrast: attracts attention and sharpens perspetive by highlighting the differences between opposites. Includes changes in pitch, volume, movement, and rate of speech
Repetition: repeating sounds, words or phrases to attract and hold attention
Novelty: the quality of being new or unusual
Promoting Audience Retention
A briefing is a short informative presentation offered in an organizational setting that focuses upon plans, policies or reports
the informative values of a speech is measured by how much new and important information provides to the audience
speeches designs
Categorical design:
•Arranges the main ideas and materials of a speech by natural or customary divisions.
•Each category becomes a main point.
•No more than five categories
Comparative design
•Arranges a speech by exploring the similarities or differences among things, events and ideas.
•Literal analogy: a comparison drawn from subjects from the same field of experience.
•Figurative analogy: a comparison drawn from subjects from essentially different fields of experience
Spatial design
•Arranges the main points of a speech as they occur in actual space. •Provides listeners with an oral map
Sequential design
•Explains the steps of a process in the order in which they should be taken. •Used for “how to” speeches. •The steps become the main points of the speech
Chronological design
•Explains events or historical developments in the order in which they occurred. •You can start with the beginning and trace it up to the present, or you can start with the present and then take it back to its origins
Causation design
•Addresses the origins or consequences of a situation or event, proceeding from cause to effect or from effect to cause. •The major causes or consequences become main points in the speech