Robotic Actuators and Movements
Basic Working principle of Robotics
Motors process of working
Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
Generates a magnetic field through current, causing it to spin
Servo and Stepper motors are the most common used ones
Batteries;how they work
Serves as energy source
Inside there is positive/negative electrode and electrolyte
Electrolytes help conduct the ions within
The material at the negative electrode releases electrons that flow through the external circuit to the positive electrode, and this process creates an electric current.
creating electrical energy through chemical reactions
When material at the negative electrode is depleted or when the positive electrode cant accept electrons anymore that means the battery wont work
End effectors
its like the hand of a robot, allowing them to interact with the outside world
Different types of end effectors depending on its use
How robots move
3 things drive robotic movement
Sensors
Motors
Control System
When the battery supplies power to the motors, the motors drive the robots mechanical parts to move.
At the same time, sensors continuously collect environmental data and send it back to the control system, allowing the robot to make precise adjustments and respond in real-time.
Electronic Components and Their Functions
About Arduino Uno
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller.
Based on the input data and programmed instructions, the Arduino Uno controls outputs like motors.
The Arduino Uno is easily programmable with computers, which allows users to write and upload code via USB.
How does the motor know when it has gotten to the right position?
How does the motor receive signals?
1.Transmission of Control Signals
The computer sends control signals to the motor through a signal wire . This signal is delivered using PWM.
2.Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Signal
A PWM signal is a square wave, and the pulse width (the duration of the high signal) determines the motor’s movement or position.
3.Motor Response
After receiving the control signal, the motor adjusts its rotor’s position or action based on the width of the PWM signal.
The relationship between battery and motor and Safety features of Baxter robot
1.The relationship between battery and motor
Battery
Power supply
Provide power to the robot.
Battery capacity
determines robot running time.
Battery quality
affects motor efficiency and robot performance
Motor
Motor efficiency
The synergy of battery and motor affects robot speed and performance.
Mechanical energy output
Converts electrical energy into mechanical motion to drive robot components.
Key points
Low power
Motor performance decreases, robot slows down or stops.
The relationship between the battery and the motor
the battery performance directly determines the motor performance.
2. Safety features of Baxter robot
Sensor
Environmental detection
real-time monitoring of the working environment to avoid collisions.
Human detection
Automatically slow down or stop to ensure safety.
Flexible arms
Flexible design
no harm when touched.
Collision protection:
Safely avoid excessive force.
Security mechanism
Automatic adjustment
Automatically slow down or stop when detecting anomalies.
Collaborative design
Working with humans to ensure safety.