Social Ch2 The self

spotlight effect

illusion of transparency

Self-concept

self-schema

possible selves

Social self(influence social concept)

The roles we play

r

面具戴久了就会变成reality

The social identities we form

r

social identities(a sense of belonging) is a part of self identities

Social comparisons

r

Self-concept influenced by others.人倾向与相似的作比较（Ex：同年龄，同专业）upward comparison: compared with people who are better than us will cause 苦恼。downward comparison cause comfortable.

Success&failure

r

Success(Ex:helping other people) increase self-esteem(involve self-worth)self-esteem最大的照妖镜是两性关系

Other people's judgement

r

looking-glass self.我们觉得别人怎样看待我们是基于我们自己的subjective,尤其是nonverbal

Self and culture

individualism

r

容易影响离婚率

independent self

collectivism

interdependent self

Self-knowledge

planning fallacy

impact bias

r

小事件的impact更持久（温水煮青蛙）大事件的impact更短重大事件会立即激发人们的防御机制（免疫）

immune neglect

self-analysis

dual attitude system

r

implicit attitude:可通过repeated practice改变explicit attitude:更容易改变

Self-esteem

r

威胁来自family\friends（大于stranger, due to social comparison)

terror management theory

Narcissism

r

与confidence的差异:confidence: normal,不需要受到别人的赞许Narcissism:abnormal,一定要获得别人的赞同

Self-control

r

energy-limited

self-efficacy

r

you believe you can do sth(not all)

locus of control

r

internalexternal(归因为天生，不会想要改变

learned helplessness

Self-serving bias

r

人处理记忆时产生的by-product可能带来maladaptive

self-serving attributions

Unrealistic optimism

defensive pessimism

False uniqueness effect

False consensus effect

Self-handicapping

r

动机-保护自尊

impression management

self-presentation

r

向外在别人，向内在自己

self-monitoring

r

变色龙（Chemeleon)-变成他人希望的样子