Carbohydrates

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Unit 1: Biochemistry

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Cellular Respiration Concept Map

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Rivers

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Waves

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Macronutrients

Nucleic Acids

Proteins

Lipids (fats)

Carbohydrates

• Very important source of quick energy.
• Most abundant biomolecules on Earth.
• Serve as important structural components.

Polysaccharides

• More than 20 monosaccharides with 20 bonds, it becomes a Polysaccharide.
• Most carbohydrates in nature are found as polysaccharides.
• Known as Glycans

Heteropolysaccharides

• Contains 2 or more types of different monosaccharides. ex: a long chain of fructose and glucose molecules.
• can be unbranched or branched.

Homopolysaccharides

• Contains only a single type of monosaccharide. ex: only glucose molecules linked together.
• Can be unbranched or branched.

ex: Dextron

• Structural components in bacteria and yeast.

ex: Cellulose

• Structural components in plants. They make up the cell wall.

ex: Glycogen

• Unbranched = Amylose
• Branched = Amylopectin
• Branch points occur more frequently in Glycogen

ex: Starch

• Storage for monosaccharides in plants. It is the main carbohydrate in the human diet.
• Only made up of glucose.
• Unbranched = Amylose
• Branched = Amylopectin

Oligosaccharides

• Short chain of monosaccharides
• Less than 20 monosaccharides linked together.
• A disaccharide can be referred to as an oligosaccharide.

ex: Maltotriose

• Contains 3 glucose molecules.

Disaccharaides

• Made up of 2 monosaccharides

ex: Maltose

• 2 glucose molecules stuck together.

Monosaccharides

• Simple sugars.
• They are the smallest unit that make up carbohydrates.
• They are the building blocks.

ex: Galactose

ex: Fructose

ex: Glucose