Catégories : Tous - government - ideology - conflicts - democracy

par Priyam Randeria Il y a 6 années

156

Geopolitics (1)

Ideology encompasses a set of beliefs that guide a nation's economic, political, and social goals. Different types of ideologies include authoritarianism, where the government exercises strict control with limited freedom, and democracy, where citizens elect leaders and enjoy freedoms like religion and expression.

Geopolitics (1)

Chapter 21: An Introduction to Geopolitics

Geopolitics

Conflicts
Cold War

Has not brought an end to geopolitics

Power blocs that deteriorated to the point of war between two relations

After the Cold War

Created a relaxation of tension between communist and democratic nations

Various forms of government were adopted by the Soviet Union

1947-1991

Economic incompatibility

Imperialism accusations

Economic, military, and political influence exerted over a spherical area of superpowers

Mid 1940

1980s

United States and Soviet Union

Rivalry, distrust, and growing suspicion between ideologies used politically

Links from TV to radio to economical telephone across Canada
Political Decisions
Border Determining
International Conflict
Economy and Stability
Military Alliances
Trade Agreements
Population Size and Control
Climate/Environment
When geography and politics have an effect on each other on either a national or international level.
Physical borders, environmental boundaries, air and sea boundaries, etc.

Nation State

Role Played by National Sovereignty
Globalization

The process of interaction and integration among people and the world's economical, financial, technological, geographical, cultural and political systems

Given a rise to a number of forces that are weakening the concept of national sovereignty

Borders

The limit of a nation's laws and security, while branding a specific geographical area with a national identity

Armed forces from one country cross the border of another without being invited, the country's national sovereignty is being threatened

Borders are determined as a result of negotiations between countries concerned

Canada

Arctic region is diminishing

Climate change

Northwest Passage seen as international waters by the U.S. and Russia instead of Canadian territorial waters

Canada's sovereignty being challenged by the Arctic

A legal concept with the ability to create policies and enforce laws within its borders without interference from other states
Nation State Formation
Created between1900 and 1999

Decolonization of Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and Middle East

World War II

New nations established when the Soviet Union broke up

Europe
Renaissance (late 1400s to early 1600s)

Changed people's views on governance

Power usually resided in the hands of a dynasty or single ruler within borders

Empires of Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan, ancient Rome, Northern Nigeria

A unique common identity adopted by the people of the independent nation, who possess sovereignty
Set apart by religion, history, language, customs, ethnicity, and community

Ideology

Basic Ideologies
Communist State

Ownership of most goods is held by the state and has some form of authoritarian government

Examples: Cuba, Vietnam, North Korea

Democratic States

Citizens exercise political power by picking official leaders who advocate their wishes

Example: Canada, Australia, India

Freedom of religion, assembly, expression, and the press guaranteed

Majority rules desicion-making system

Authoritarianism

Strict authority by the government with limited political and individual freedom

Military-Authoritarianism

Power is held by military officials seized from an elected government

Examples: Algeria, Chile, Iraq

Religious Nation State

Political power held by spiritual leaders whose religious beliefs form political framework

Examples: Iran, Afghanistan (1996-2001)

One-Party Nation State

Only one political party exists and have all political power

Examples: Libya, North Korea

Absolute Monarchy

Authority given to the monarch with no official leaders

Examples: Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Oman

A set of beliefs determined by nation followed on a daily basis. Includes economic, political, and social goals