Lecture 5 Communities of Pratice

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Lecture 5 Communities of Practice

Organizational Learning & Social Capital

Social Capital

Values

Hard to quantify value

need strong relationships within groups as well as "bridging" ties between groups

maintenance of positive relations between different subgroups

different than other types of capital

institutions, relationships and norms that shape the quality and quantity of an organization's social interactions

Human Capital

education, skills and background necessary to be productive in an organization or profession

Knowledge Sharing

Implications

Avoiding mistakes

Standardizing professional practices.

Connecting professionals across platforms, across distances.

Obstacles

lack of trust between provider of knowledge and receiver of knowledge

rewarded for what they know

disincentive to share

Facilitating

credibility of content and the source

organizational culture and climate

knowledge is property

knowledge is power

Undernet

Sender and receiver view each other as credible

Knowledge exchange is bidirectional

informally

Knowledge Sharing Communities

Social Presence

Example - Facebook news feed on recent posts on friend's walls

How much of a sense members have that other people are present

Social Computing

Example - recommender systems such as those the advise you on which books you would enjoy

to enhance the activity and performance of people, organizations and systems.

Digital systems that draw upon social information and context

Evolution

Lessons Learned

Best Practice

Interconnecting the social networks of people who produced the knowledge

Provide access to data and documents

Roles and Responsiblities

Elders

Leaders

Regulars

Novices

Visitors

Ensure Success in Formal Organization

Champion

Sponsor

Members

Facilitator

Practice Leaders

Knowledge Integrator

Communication Yellow Pages

provide significant organizational benefit

to create profile of individual’s expertise and connections between people

one of the earliest KM application, aka Expertise Location System

Social Network Analysis (SNA)

Metrics

Closeness

who are the shortest paths to all others but have an excellent view of happens

Betweenness

who holds a powerful positions as the sole "boundary spanner" between different groups

Centrality

who having the most connections of the link

Technique

can be automated (e.g. email mapping)

Cluster Analysis - process of identifying highly integrated subgroups

visualization tools that can be used together with surveys

Knowledge Person

Knowledge Broker

who develop relationships and networks with, among and between producers/sharers and users of knowledge

Knowledge Sharer

who actively, purposely and happily gives knowledge to others

Knowledge Hoarder

who gathers and guards knowledge for personnel preservation and future use.

Characteristic

Virtual Workspace

A place to store stories, artifatcs, tools, discussions, glossaries, historical events

Commitment

participation fueled by trust, interest, credibility, professionalism, ethical behaviors

Common Goal

improvement of members' profession

Forms of Joint Work in Organizations