Catégories : Tous - languages - identity - culture - multilingualism

par Carolina Flores Ríos Il y a 2 années

165

Multilingualism and Language choice

The discussion revolves around the importance of language in shaping cultural and ethnic identities. It highlights the unique linguistic landscape of countries like Vanuatu, which boasts the highest density of languages per capita, and the diverse linguistic scenario in South Africa, where language has also been a tool of oppression.

Multilingualism and
Language choice

Folk. (28 de Abril de 2021). Facts About Indigenous People in Canada [Archivo de Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYod7NtM1s4 Meyerhoff, M. (2006). Introducing sociolinguistics. London: Routledge.

Vitality and prestige do not mean the same thing.

e.g arabic is the language of the Koran so, many people keep using this language because of this

Vanuatu

Up to 114 different languages are spoken in Vanuatu and counting, it is the country with the highest density of languages per capita in the world.

The national language of the Republic of Vanuatu is Bislama. The official languages are Bislama, English and French.

South Africa

The domination of a white group in the Soweto region not only represented the violation of universal human rights, but also the pseudo authority to legislate and control matters related to the language.

Multilingualism and Language choice

To name your story, you have to think about the overall message and what you want your audience to understand from the story. Also, make it relevant and easy to remember.

SPEECH LEVELS AS DIFFERENT CODES

It is about the replacement of vocabulary with radically different forms in the different styles associated with different social groups.

ETHNOLINGUISTIC VITALITY

This concept can be interpreted as the union of ethnography and linguistics, since the use of a certain language is a determining factor that defines a culture or an ethnic identity. Vitality is an indicator that gives us a clue as to whether the language will continue to be spoken or not.
The three pillars of ethnolinguistic vitality

Institutional support

Education, religion, culture, etc.

Status

Social status, economical status, etc.

Demography

Distribution, numbers

Code switching and code mixing

Deciding when to use which code
Active knowledge: The ability to speak and understand the language

Example: A foreign that knows a language fluently

Passive knowledge: Is the ability to understand a language but not speak it.
addressee-based
Here the change occurs by who the speaker is talking to.
Domain-based or situational code switching
This occurs when the code switch happens from where the speaker is.

Language policy and language planning in multilingual societies

The ending of a story is essential. We all know that if the ending is weak, what happened before loses its importance. So make it unpredictable, but fair. A resolved ending answers all the questions and ties up any loose threads from the plot.

Disglossia

This is the closure section of the story.
See examples of possible outcomes below:

It refers to use some language in a certain context and another in a different context

Try answering these questions to come up with a closure:
- Have all the problems been solved?
- Is there a clear picture of what happens with each character in the story?
- Has the challenge transformed your main character?
- How do the characters feel in the end?

Vitality

This is the moment when the main character surpasses the last obstacle and finally faces their greatest challenge.
The climax usually follows one of these patterns:


Type in your answer.

Is the probability that a language will continue to be used in various social functions by a community of speakers

Controlled forms of linguistic variation can have strong social effects.

Using the model of language vitality

The middle of the story is where you add layers of complications that will lead to the end. Reveal more about the character's journey. Did their personality go through changes? How did they overcome the challenges? And as you build up the story’s central conflict, make it more personal to that character. Also, from the middle act, you have to lead into the final act.

Wales: identity and language post-devolution

Your character(s) need(s) motivation in order to solve the challenge(s).

In Wales they promoting Welsh as a core cultural value

Why does your character need to confront this challenge? What does he/she expect to accomplish by solving it?
See a few examples:

Some promoters of Welsh argue that there is a need to go beyond the protectionist persuasion of Welsh to a discourse that focuses on promoting bilingualism.

Canada’s First Nations languages

Each story has a main character and that character usually needs to solve a problem or challenge. The character's challenge is the one that creates tension throughout the story.

Canada is home to the languages of the First Nations, the termused in Canada to refer to the native North American peoples

In most stories, there are 3 challenges. The number 3 is a mystical number symbolizing completeness. Try to come up with interesting challenges with which your character needs to struggle.
See a few examples below:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYod7NtM1s4

Diglossia in a community

In the beginning of the story (or the exposition), you will need to introduce the setting and characters. You might also want to introduce the main conflict. This part of the story is important because it gives the reader necessary background information and maybe even a first insight into a character’s personality.

Low variety
Is the vernacular variety of the HV

The informal interactions and the language of Friends

High variety

The setting (time & place) of a story can change throughout the plot.

2. It is use in formal cobtext

The time of the story can also change. It can describe the event of a single day or can include an entire year's plot. Anyway, don't forget to mention it.

1.It is a language with higher preatige.

Your story can take place wherever your imagination will take you to.
For example: in an elevator, in an enchanted forest, etc. Don't forget to give details of the environment each time the setting changes, otherwise, the story can be confusing. Also, mention the seasons as each of them has unique weather and events.

Is a societal bilingualism and institutionalised code-switching,

Characters are essential to a good story. Usually, the protagonist(s) is/are the most affected by the plot. Introduce a character by focusing on their actions, interests, and occupation, as the physical appearance doesn't make a difference in most cases.

This is a domain-based distinction in when you use different languages, registers or styles.

Type in the name of your character.