Science
Climate Change
Global Warming
Use of coal, oil, gasoline
Earth
Biome
11 land biomes
1 marine biome
Sun
Weather
rain, snow,
wind, clouds
Atmospheric conditions
Climate
Distance from equator
Presence of large water
bodies, ocean, air currents
Land formations
Altitude
Global average of temperature
humidity and rainfall patterns
over a long period of time
The long-term change in global
climate patterns, especially from
the mid-20th century onward,
because of human activities.
Chemistry
Periodic Table of Elements
Alkali Metals
Alkaline-earth Metals
Transition Metals
Halogens
Noble Gases
Metals
Metalloids
Nonmetals
Lewis Dot Diagrams
Atoms
Protons (+)
Electrons (-)
Neutrons (0)
Bohr Rutherford
Diagrams
Counting Atoms
Ionic or molecular compound?
State the elements
State the number of each element
State the total number of atoms
Add them together
Chemical Reactions
Law of Conservation of Mass
Balancing Equations
Mass of Reactants = Mass of Products
Mass in conserved in
the chemical reaction
Gas Formation
Temperature
Changes
Color
Change
Odour
Change
Word and Chemical Equations
Reactants --> Products
Symbols:
(s): solid
(l): liquid
(g): gaseous
(aq): dissolved in water
Types of Reactions
Neutralization
Acid + Base -> Water + Salt
Synthesis
Decomposition
Single Displacement
Double Displacement
Physics
Light
Travels very fast,
faster than sound
Color Theory
Primary Colours
Red
Green
Blue
Secondary Colours
Cyan
Magenta
Yellow
Waves
Wavelength
Trough
Crest
Amplitude
Ray Model
Of Light
Laws of Reflection
2. The incident ray, reflected ray
& normal are in the same place
1. Any incident ray perpendicular with
the mirror will reflect back onto itself
3. Angle of Incidence = Angle of Reflection
Normal
Incident Ray
Reflected Ray
Angle of Reflection
Angle of Incidence
Biology
Cells
Cell Cycle
Interphase
G1
Replicates organelles
S
Replicates DNA
G2
Produce special structures
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase/
Cytokinesis
Cell Specialization
Cells perform specific functions
so if they die, there are Stem Cells
Hierarchy of Organization
Cell
Organelles
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Golgi Apparatus
Rough E.R.
Smooth E.R.
Lysosomes (Animal Only)
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall (Plant only)
Chloroplasts (Plant only)
Nucleolus
Organ
Tissue
Epithelial
Nervous
Muscle
Connective
Organ System
Respiratory System
Interdependent Organ Systems
At the gym your respiratory and circulatory systems are keeping up with your workout by giving oxygen and nutrients, while the digestive system is burning nutrients from the food you ate before
Circulatory System
Digestive System
Organism
Biological Technologies
X-Ray
Ultrasound
Fluoroscopy
CT
MRI
Nuclear
Medicine
PET
Biophotonics
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Radiowaves
Microwaves
Infrared
Visible Light
Bioluminescence
Incandescent
Fluorescent
Phosphorescent
Chemiluminescence
Triboluminescence
Electric Discharge
Mirrors
Plane Mirrors
S: Same Size
A: Upright
L: Behind Mirror
T: Virtual
Curved Mirrors
Convex Mirrors
Cameras
Concave Mirrors
S.A.L.T
Ultraviolet
X-Rays
Gamma Rays
Myopia
Concave Lenses
Hyperopia
Convex Lenses
Glasses
Human Eye
Iris
Pupil
Cornea
Lens
Focal Point
Retina
Optic Nerve
Is an electro-
magnetic wave
Travels in straight lines
Refraction
Index of Refraction
Snell's Law
Dispersion
Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Mixtures
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Pure Substances
Elements
Compounds
Particle Theory
1. All matter is made up of tiny particles
3. All particles are in constant motion
2. Different substances are
made up of different particles
4. Particles are attracted to each other
Molecular Compounds
Low melting point
Doesn't conduct
electricity
Less soluble
Soft, brittle solids
Diatomic and Polyatomic Elements
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Bromine
Iodine
Nitrogen
Chlorine
Phosphorus
Sulfur
prefix"Non-metal" prefix"Non-metal"ide
Polyatomic
Multivalent
Simple
Ionic Compounds
Hard, brittle solids
Crystal-like
High melting point
Very soluble
Conduct electricity
Can be crushed
"Metal" "Non-metal"ide
Standard Atomic
Notation
Element (Li)
Atomic Number (3)
Atomic Mass (7)
Combustion
CH + O -> CO2 + H2O
Hydrosphere
Layer of Water
100% Water
97% Salt Water
3% Fresh Water