Agression
Def: Intentional behavior aimed at causing pain/harm
Hostile vs instrumental agression
Evolutionary perspective: males more agressive
Why?
Is agression innate or learned?
kitten raised with rat
chimpanzees vs bonobos
Cultural argument: Agression expression depends on circumstances and culture
New Guinea vs Europe
Culture of honor: Southern white males
Gender
males more physical
females relational agression
violence among intimate partners
elementary school evidence of abuse of girls by boys
high school - emotional abuse
7BPhysiological influences on aggression
Alcohol
why?
reduce inhibitions
Disrupts ip
expectations about effects of alcohol influences behavior more than amount of alcohol drunk
Pain
Discomfort
heat,humidity, odors
Frustration-aggression theory -the idea that frustration the idea that you are being prevented from attaining a goal increases aggressive response.
Size, ability to retaliate, proximity
Evidence: Barker,Dembo and Lewin (1941).
Children in frustrated group showed aggression when allowed to play
relative deprivation discrepancy between what people have and what they think they should have
Goal proximity more aggression
Unexpected - more aggression
likelihood reduced when frustration understandable legitimate Unintentional
Provocation
when provoked people may reciprocate
will not reciprocate
Provocation unintentional
mitigating circumstances
10 Aggressive objects
Gun vs badminton racket
11 learn to behave agressively: social learning theory
Imitation and aggression bobo doll experiment
media violence
increases physiological arousal
Triggers imitation
Primes aggressive ideas and expectations
Social scripts: ways of behaving Socially that we learn from culture.
Dehumanizing effects
decreased sensitivity
indifference
reduced sensitivity to needs of others
longitudinal effects
predict violence in adolescence and adulthood
elementary school children more agrression less prosocial at end of year
Heavy television viewers
exaggerated view of degree of violence
Greater fear of being Personally assaulted
cause and effect
Aggressive people prefer violent tv
watching make people aggressive
both
12 Does violence and sex sell?
No impairs memory,
13 Sexual violence
Characteristics of Sexually agressive men
Narcissistic
Feel hostility
inability to empathize with women
Accuse women of provoking them
when women know their assailants they may not label it as rape
Sexual scripts
traditional female role: resist advances
male role: be persistent
when a woman says no she doesn't mean no.
14Does punishing agression reduce agressive behavior
Punishers model
might induce
Threat of mild punishment more effective
15 Harsh punishment
16Catharsis and agression
aggressive behavior does not reduce need for further aggression
reverse is true
Direct aggression towards source of anger does not reduce further aggression
17Aggressive acts and Subsequent aggression
18Blaming the victim of our aggression
19Venting vs self-awareness
20Venting versus self-awareness
21coping
Apology
modeling non agressive behavior
Training in communication and problem solving skills
Build empathy