CHANGES IN EARLY MODERN AGE

Privileged estates

Consisted of the nobility and clergy.

Unprivileged

Worked land

Were serfs or day labourers working for a lord.

Urban population

Grew during this time thanks to the development of craft, trade and the cities.

Women's roles

Continued to have a lower social status. However, women's situations varied depending on their social status.

Primary sector

Agriculture and livestock farming continued to be the main economic activity and the most important crops were cereals.

Secondary sector

In the cities, artisans' guilds established and controlled prices, production techniques and access to the prefession.

Trade

The development of the primary and secondary sectors resulted in surplus production and this increased trade.

Finance: the birth of the capitalism

Banks

Merchants needed money for their trading companies.

Bills of exchange

There were documents that guaranteed a bank would pay a merchant in a specific place on a specific date.

Limited companies

These allowed people to invest in bussinesses with limited risk.

Insurance companies

These allowed merchants to minimise their risks.

Wealth and icome from taxation rose thenks to the increased in agricultural and craft production.

A royal goverment

Thanks to the increased in trade and the more general economic recovery.

A royal army

Monarch estabilished permanent armies of mercenaries, who paid with taxes they collected.

A diplomatic corps

This institution allowed monarchs to stablish alliances with other states or kingdoms.

At the start of the Early Modern Age there were significants in thought and science.

A renewed interest in Classical culture

Became the point of refence for for intellectual and artistic activity.

Anthropocentrism

Humans became the centre of philosophical reflection and artistic creation.

Optismism and creativity

Humanists believed in a better life and their creativity resulted in many inventions.

The desire for knowledge

Due to their intellectual curiosity.

Critical thinking

Previous sources of knowledge were tradition, the great scholars and sacred texts.

Individual reflection

Reason

Extensinsive studies

research

Practical demonstrations

experimentation