Chemical Nomenclature
Chemical Namings
Non-Metals
Ionic compound
Is a chemical bond or compound that is formed by two or more ions that are held together (metal ions and non-metal ions)
part 1
How ionic compounds are formed
Naming compounds
Ionic bonds
Is a attraction that would hold a positive and negative charged ions together in a compound. It's a transfer of electrons from a metal to a non metal.
Also known as a binary ionic
A mixture of two things
Harder compounds
Barium nitride
Barium
2 electron charge
2 electron charge
2 electron charge
6 electron charge with 3 barium atoms
now both have equal amount of charges where the compound consists of 3 bariums and 2 nitrogen
Br3N2
Lewis dot diagram
Only represents the most outer shell electrons (valance electrons)
Sodium Nitride
Sodium
Na
Na^1
There will be on nitrogen (N) atoms
N has five valence electrons so 1 nitrogen atoms would have a total of 5 valence electrons
5x1=5
Nitrogen
N
N^-3
There will be 3 sodium (Na) atoms
Na has one valence electrons so 3 sodium atoms would have a total of 3 valences electrons
1x3=3
This is called the skeleton structure which is the first part of the lewis dot diagram. N (Nitrogen) is in the middle because nitrogen needs the most electrons (needs 8 valence electrons but only has 5). Nitrogen can make a bridge all three sides to share electrons with sodium as sodium only needs 1 electron.
Now nitrogen shares 2 electrons with each sodium atom where sodium receives it 1 missing electrons and nitrogen receives 6 electrons in total, and the remaining 2 electrons go to nitrogen for its missing 2 electrons for the most outer shell
Lines also represent the electrons dot. 1 line = 2 electrons, 2 lines = 4 electrons, 3 lines = 6 electrons etc.
Both barium and nitrogen should have he same amount of charge in order for the elements to react with each other
Nitrogen
-3 electron charge
-3 electron charge
-6 electron charge with 2 nitrogen atoms
Simplifying equations
C6H12O6
6
CH6O
Special cases
NO2 + H2O HNO3
Two non metals
Covalent bonds
Prefixs
covalent compounds naming always starts with prefix in front on the element name to indicate how many atoms the compound consists of.
Is a attraction that holds together 2 atoms which (only non metals
Molecular compounds
Lewis dot diagrams for covalent bonds
H2O
Step 1: Count the total number of valence electrons in the compound
Step 2: write the skeleton structure and place the element that needs the most electrons in the middle.
Hydrogen only needs one electron while oxygen needs 2 so in that case oxygen would go in the middle
Step 3: Use two valence electrons to form each bond in the skeleton structure
Step 3: Use two valence electrons to form each bond in the skeleton structure
Step 4: Add the remaining electrons to the center atom (make octets)
Now that 4 electrons are in its place, hydrogen has received all the electrons it needs, while oxygen still requires 4 more....so the four electrons would be placed on oxygen
Subtopic
Lewis dot diagram is a diagram that shows the valence electrons of the atom
Valence electron are the electrons on the most outter shell of the bohr rutherford diagram
Bohr Rutherford Diagram for carbon
Carbon has 4 electrons on its most outer shell while makes carbon have 4 valance electrons
Lewis Dot Diagram for carbon
Diatomics
these are molecules of only 2 atoms that can only be seen together
Hydrogen
short form to memorize the seven diatomic molecules
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
These diatmoic elements are only seen alone when they are in a a compound with another atom
formed with 2 or more non metals
Anion
a negatively charged ion
Suffix
"-ide"
Only non metal atoms always have the suffix ending of ide at the end of every chemical name. (the suffix only applies to the non metallic atoms)
Non metal ion
negatively charged
Non metal atoms
Metals
Cation
a positively charged ion
metal ion
positive charge
Multivalent ionic compound
Multivalent atoms are transition metals because they have more than one charge
Subtopic
These middle elements are called transition metals
Purple ones
To make chemical formula both the atoms need to have the equal amounts of charges and in this case both the atoms have the same amount of charge
Chemical formula: FeN3
Chemical Name: Iron(III) Nitrate
Chemical names with transition metal have roman numeral numbers because it shows how much charge the atom has, since transition metals can have multiple charges.
Polyatomic ions
Is a group of atoms with a charge
NH4 also known as Ammonium is a polyatomic ion because it is a chemical of Nitrogen and hydrogen which looks like this.
Since the amount of electrons is equal there is no need to add more atoms
Cl also known as Chlorine is Metal atom with -1 charge
Chemical formula: NH4Cl
Binary acids
Binary acids are molecular compounds that is combined with the element hydrogen.
For example
Criss-Cross method
The criss cross method does a simpler and easier way of writing the compound formula after understanding the concept.
Since Beryllium has 2 as its charge, there will be 2 Nitrogen
2 nitrogen= -6 charge
Since nitrogen has 3 as its charge, there will be 3 beryllium
3 beryllium= +6 charge
Atoms
Is a subatomic particle that has an equal number of electrons and protons which makes it neutral
For example
Lithium has 3 protons, 3 electrons and 4 neutrons
Ions
-Is a charged particle when the atom has gained or lost electrons
-The formula for an atom losing or gaining electron is called ionic charge
For example
The ionic charge for Lithium would be + 1 because there is one more proton than electrons
The formula would be
Common molecules
H20
2 hydrogen and one oxygen come together and form water which we use in everydaylife to stay hydrated, cook food, clean our body etc.
ionic compound
CO2
One carbon and two oxygen come together to form carbon dioxide which is a harmful gas
Covalent bond