Haudenosaunee

Clans are headed by a clan mother. In the past, a clan mother was usually the oldest woman of the clan. Today, clan mothers are chosen for their cultural wisdom and dedication to the Haudenosaunee people. Clan mother’s responsibilities include making important decisions affecting the clan and naming the people in her clan.

Oneida Nation. Picture of the Great Council . 2018, oneida-nation.wikispaces.com/Political+Structure.

Clans are like extended families. The clans of the Haudenosaunee are matrilineal meaning that they follow the descent of the mother. Children belong to their mother’s clan. When a couple gets married, the husband moves into the wives’ home but doesn’t change clans.

Clans are named after animals and birds.

The Nine Iroquois Clans. 2016, ps79q.wikispaces.com/file/view/Clan%20Symbols.png/570163475/800x322/Clan%20Symbols.png.

Longhouses were built from cedar or hickory poles that was covered in tree bark. Smoke holes were located in the roof above fireplaces to provide proper ventilation.

Those belonging to the same clan lived together in houses called longhouses. About 60 people would live in a longhouse.

Wikipedia. “Traditional Iroquois Longhouse.” Iroquois , Wikipedia, upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Theiroquoislonghouse.png.

Longhouses measured 80 to 100 feet in length and 20 feet wide.

Inside of a Longhouse . upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Iroquoian_Village%2C_Ontario%2C_Canada40.JPG.

Iroquois Village. c1.staticflickr.com/3/2120/2465877439_0c30105b10_b.jpg.

Subtopic

National Museum of the American Indian. “Haudenosaunee Guide for Educators.” nmai.si.edu/sites/1/files/pdf/education/HaudenosauneeGuide.pdf.

The Mohawk are known as the “keepers of the Eastern Door. They are the nation that is the furthest east.

The Oneida are known as the people of the standing stone.

The Onondaga are known as the people of the hills. They are also known as the keepers of the central fire because they are considered the capital of the confederacy.

The Cayuga are known as the people of the great swamp.

The Seneca are known as the people of the great hill as well as the keepers of the western door because they are the nation that is the furthest west.

The Tuscarora are known as the shirt wearing people. These people traveled north from what is modern day North Carolina seeking refuge

Wikipedia. “Iroquois Five Nations c. 1650.” Iroquois, Wikipedia,upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Iroquois_5_Nation_Map_c1650.png.

Wikipedia . “Iroquois Six Nations c. 1720.” Iroquois , Wikipedia , upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Iroquois_6_Nations_map_c1720.png.

A typical Haudenosaunee village in the 1600s consisted of 2,000-3,000 people. Villages were located in clearings near forested areas and near waterways.

[منوعات منوعات]. (2017, October 10) Beautiful Flowing Stream [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCKyUX42s08

The location of the villages was important because the forests allowed the Haudenosaunee to hunt for food and have access to fresh water. The forests also provided the Haudenosaunee village with protection. Villages were also usually surrounded by tall wooden fences.

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Subtopic

[Laura Herrmann]. (2014, September 29) Iroquois- Native Peoples of the Woodlands [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPD9XIkUd-E&t=315s

Haudenosaunee people spent most of their time outdoors except in the cold winter months. During the cold months, the longhouse became the center of community life.

In the winter months, people repaired clothing and tools in order to get ready for the busy spring ahead.

Every 20 to 30 years, Haudenosaunee communities relocated to different areas as firewood became scarce. This move also allowed the soil to replenish after housing crops for many years.

Women and children gathered nuts, fruits, and vegetables to be eaten if the meat supply was scarce.

Men hunted using bows and arrows. Whatever the men brought back from their hunt was cooked by the women and shared among the village.

Iroquois Hunting . salinasprojects.weebly.com/eastern-woodlands-food.html.

The land that they settled on had rich and fertile soil. This was ideal for crops and farming. Farming provided most of the food for the diet. Men were responsible for clearing the fields while the women did the planting. Mainly, the Iroquois cultivated corn, squash, and beans which are known as the
Corn, squash, and beans are known as the Three sisters to the Haudenosaunee. The Three Sisters are considered divine gifts. When eaten together, these three foods provide the vitamins and minerals necessary for a healthy body and a well-balanced diet.

The Three Sisters. ccenativeamericans.wikispaces.com/file/view/nagarden.jpg/115670553/nagarden.jpg.

Subtopic

The Three Sisters. shtfseries.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/three-sisters4-550x309.jpg.

Onondaga. The Three Sisters . onondaga64.wikispaces.com/file/view/fruit.jpeg.

The Iroquois did not waste any part of the animal. Bones and other inedible parts were made into tools, spoons, knives, and other household items.

Native American Tools. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Native_Americans_in_Oregon_tools.jpg.

Symbol of unity of the 5 original Haudenosaunee nations.

The white squares and the tree represent each of the 5 original nations. The white lines extending throughout the belt represent the path of peace. The Tuscarora Nation joined after the belt was created.

Wikipedia . Wampum Belt Commemorating the Iroquois Confederacy. Wikipedia , 5 Feb. 2015, upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/PSM_V28_D311_Wampum_belt_commemorating_the_iroquois_confederacy.jpg.

4.2 NATIVE AMERICAN GROUPS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: Native American groups, chiefly the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) and Algonquian-speaking groups, inhabited the region that became New York State. These people interacted with the environment and developed unique cultures.
(Standards: 1, 3, 5; Themes: ID, MOV, GEO, GOV)

4.2a Geographic factors often influenced locations of early settlements. People made use of the resources and the lands around them to meet their basic needs of food, clothing, and shelter.

 Students will examine the locations of early Native American groups in relation to geographic features, noting how certain physical features are more likely to support settlement and larger populations.
 Students will investigate how Native Americans such as the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) and the Algonquian-speaking peoples adapted to and modified their environment to meet their needs and wants.

4.2b Native American groups developed specific patterns of organization and governance to manage their societies.

 Students will compare and contrast the patterns of organization and governance of Native American groups such as the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) and Munsees, including matrilineal clan structure, decision-making processes, and record keeping, with a focus on local Native American groups.

4.2c Each Native American group developed a unique way of life with a shared set of customs, beliefs, and values.

 Students will examine Native American traditions; work specialization and the roles of men, women, and children in their society; transportation systems; and technology.
 Students will examine contributions of Native Americans that are evident today.

Everything has a spirit.

Ceremonies to celebrate these spirits.

Great Spirit

Native American Museum. The Great Spirit. 2018,https://nativeamericanmuseum.wikispaces.com/file/view/Iroquois%20Religion.jpg/348708584/Iroquois%20Religion.jpg

Anthropomorphism: the attribution of human characteristics or behavior to a god, animal, or object.

Ceremonies

Haudenosaunee Ceremony . Mohawk Nation News, 25 June 2013, mohawknationnews.com/blog/2013/06/25/mnn-small-condolence/.

Blackburn , Andy. “Native American Longhouse at the Hans Herr House & Museum.” Lancaster Online , Willow Street, PA, 29 Jan. 2015, lancasteronline.com/features/curb-appeal-native-american-longhouse/article_2c87faf8-a725-11e4-8bc3-2f12ef1988eb.html.