INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS
REFERENCES
Syntax video:
Mometrix Academy. (2018, Dicember 4). Syntax in English. [Video] Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rw62E9v9DnU
Phonemes video:
ASL Linguistics. (2016, July 21). #6 Introduction to Phonology. [Video] From Youtube. https://youtu.be/WlVJla_736A
Image about phonetics:
Butt M. 2019. What Is Phonetics? Ilustration. https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/Lg8lFMHdxxrFUnkA_IoBUAiXfos=/4961x2791/smart/filters:no_upscale()/Getty_phonetics-475158545-56afa4bc5f9b58b7d01b6cf0.jpg
Phonetics video:
Ubs VISIBLE SPEECH. (2018, Jan 28). Introduction to Articulatory Phonetics (Consonants). [video] Youtube. https://youtu.be/dfoRdKuPF9I
Semantics video:
ASFCEngDept. (2015, Nov 4). Introduction to Semantics. [video] Youtube. https://youtu.be/I3t2VPcHwCw
Pragmatics video:
Pragmatics-PH Kalsruhe. (2018, Jul 15). What is Pragmatics?. [video] From Youtube. https://youtu.be/rVP-TWE-Ikg
Word order
English
SVO
S: Subject
V: Verb
O: Object
Japanese
SOV
S: Subject
O: Object
V: Verb
Syntax
The study of sentences and their order, how sentences are formed out of words.
Syntax in English
Sounds
Phonology
Phonemes
The smallest units of a language
build up a meaningful either word, phrase or sentence
#6 Introduction to Phonology
meaningful on its own
there must be a mix of phonemes
for example
"Shorter"
two phonemes
"Short" is the first one
"-er" is the last one
studies sounds as part of language.
Phonetics
Phonetics studies the physical and physiological aspects of sounds, the way in which they vibrate in the air, the way I produce them using my articulatory organs.
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divides in
Consonants
involve some compression of airflow
they have
Voicing
Voiced
[z]
Voiceless
[s]
Place of articulation
Bilibial
-[m]
-[p]
-[b]
labiodental
-[f]
-[v]
Velar
-[k]
-[g]
Alveolar
-[t]
-[d]
-[s]
Manner of articulation
How the airflow is constricted
Fricative
Nasal
Affricate
Stop
Vowels
while
do not have air compression
The deeply study of a language
Which has
Two layers of meaning
Semantics
A meaning which is very close to what you would ordinarily call literal meaning.
Introduction to Semantics
Denotation
Factual and objective meanings
if we see this on a highway
it means cutlery
it means there is a restaturant close to us
Connotation
associated, personal and subjective meanings
Pragmatics
The pragmatic meaning of a sentence corresponds to the intention of what you want to achieve with the sentence. It answers to the question, why does the speaker say this?
words and their uses
when we hear the word "mother", we think of our own mother
What is Pragmatics?
Two layers of form
Structure
Morphology
The study of the internal structure of words. How words are
composed of smaller, meaningful units.
Syntactic category
(noun, auxiliaries, verbs...)
Morphemes
All the bits, the base and the affixes, are called morphemes
talks
conformed by two morphemes
talk
-S