kindom

Animalia

Characteristics of Animalia

Animals are eukaryotes, multicellular, heterotrophs, unlike plant and fungi animal cells do not have cell wall. Most animal have the ability to move at some point in their life cycle.

Classification of animals

Invertebrate: Animals without a backbone
Vertebrates: Animals with a backbone

Invertebrate:

porifera (sponges):
simplest animal with no tissues or organs
Cindaria: Have a simple body structure with radial symmetry

Vertebrates:

fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
mammals.

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Mode of nutrition

Herbivores: Feed on plant.
Canivores: Feed on other animals. Example: Lions, sharks, eagles.

Reproduction and life cycles in Animalia:

Sexual Reproduction: Most animals reproduce sextually, involving the production of haploid gametes (eggs and sperm).
Asextual Reproduction: Some animals, particularly invertebrate, can reproduce asextually.

Conclution

The animal kingdom is incredibly vast and diverse, spanning from simple sponges to complex mammals like animals.

Protista

Definition of protista

It is a diverse group of eukaryotic organism that mainly include unicellular forms, although some multicellular organisms are also classified within this kingdom.

Key characteristics of kingdom protista

Eukaryotic cells, mostly unicellular, diverse modes of nutrition,asexual and sexual reproduction.

Classification of protista

Protozoa, Algae

Ecology importance of protist

protists play crucial role in ecosystem as primary producers, forming the base of aquqtic food web.

Plantae

It consist of multicellular eukaryotic organisms that are primarily autotrophic, meaning they their own food through photosynthesis.

Characteristics of kingdom plantae

Eukarotic cells, multicellular, asextual and sexual reproduction

Classification of plantae

Non-Vascular plants, seedless vascular plants,Gymnosperms.

Protists

Protists meaning

It is a eukariyotic organism, meaning their cells contain a nucleus and organelles. usually unicellular, That is not a fungus, animal, or plant.

Interesting facts

. Fungi like penicilin- producing molds have revolutionized medicine by providing antibiotics.

plant-like protists (Algea)

Autotrophic, using photosynthesis to produce energy. Examples include:
. Green algae ( e.g spirogyra):
photosynthetic and considered ancestors of modern plants.
. Diatoms: Single-celled algae with silica cell wells, contributing to marine ecosystem as primary producers.

Spirogyra

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Diatoms

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Animal-like protists (protozoa)

Heterotrophic, moving and consuming other organisms for energy. Example include:
. Amoeba: moves by extending false feet
. Paramecium: Moves using hair like structure

Amoeba

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Paramecium

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Fungus-like protists(slime molds):

Decompose organic material, absorbing nutrients. They exhibit both single- celled and multicellular phases.

Eubacteria

Definition

Eubacteria, are unicelluar, prokaryotic organisms. Thy lack a membrane bound nucleus and organelles, and they are the most abundant and diverse group of organisms on earth.

characterristics

Eubacteria lack a true nucleus, Most eubacteria have a rigid cell wall made of peptidoglycan, a unique polymer that provides structural strength, They reproduce asexually.

Classification of Eubacteria

Eubacteria are classified based on their shape, cell wall structure and metabolic processes. Here are some common groups: Green Algae

Roles of eubacteria in ecosystems

Decomposere, pathogens, biotechnology, symbiotic relationships.

Eubacteria are model organism for scientific research. They are also central to the development of antibiotics.

conclution

Eubacteria are an incredible diverse and essential group of organisms. They play crucial roles in ecosystems by recycling nutrients, supporting plant growth, and maintaining health in humans and animals.

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Fungi

Facts about fungi

. Half a mushroom can kill a woman
. The stinkhorn has being recorded as elongating to a length of 20 cm in only 2-3 hours
. Many fungi are parasitic.

Why do fungi make antibiotics?

Fungi produce antibiotics for the same reason we need them: To fight off bacteria infection

Why should we care about fungi?

. For food
. They decompose wood and organic matter
. Penicillin and order medicines
. They are responsible for plant life and land and high productivity.

Examples of food made possibly by fungi

Yeast
. Beer and wine
. Bread
Mushrooms
. White button
. Truffles

Mushroom pictures

Cap (High)

Gills (Medium)


Stemp (High)