USE OF THE INFINITIVE AND PAST PERFECT
infinitive to
to sit
infinitive without to
sit
EXAMPLE
i dont know where to go or what to do
Use the infinitive
Ofter some verb
e.g want, need, would, would like, etc.
after adjetives
e.g what, where, when, etc
Use of the gerund (verb + ing)
it can be affirmative (e.g. going) or negative (e.g. not going)
often some verbs, e.g. like, love, hate, enjoy, etc.
have to, dont have to, must , must not, cant
use have to+ verb (base form) to talk about rules and obligations.
use dont have+ verb (base form) to say that there is no obligation
use do/ does to make questions and negatives. do i have to go?
NOT have i go to?
dont contract have or has. i have to go. NOT i ve to go?
must/ must not/ cant
you must do your homework tonight.
you must not leave your bags here.
you cant bring food intro the library.
Use the past perfect when you are already talking about the past and want to talk about an earlier past action
when i woke up the yard was all white. it had snowed during the nigh. = it snowed before i woke up.
make the past perfect with had/ hadnt + past participle
the form of the past perfect is the same for all persons
had is sometimes contracted to d
Reported (or indirect) speech
direct speech
i love you
i ve just arrived
well come at eigth
idont want to go to the party
Reported speech
he said (that) he loved me
she said (that) she had just arrived
he tald me ( that) they would
come at eight
jack told anna ( that) he didnt want to go the party.
I CANT HELP YOU
simple past.
HE SAID ( THAT) HE COULD HELP ME
simple past.
IM WATCHING TV
present continuous.
SHE SAID (THAT) SHE WAS WATCHING TV
past continuous.
Questions whithout auxiliaries
Subject
who
which singer
how many people
who
Verb
painted
made
live wants
Mr and Mrs clark and parcy?
reggae popular all over the world?
near the school?
o cup of coffee?