Data Analysis

Stem and Leaf Plots

Definition: A diagram that quickly summarizes data while maintaining the individual data points

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Double Stem and Leaf Plots are used when comparing two different sets of data.

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Measures of Central Tendency
Any of a number of ways of specifying a "central value".

Measures of Central Tendency
Any of a number of ways of specifying a "central value".

Mean: Add all the numbers in a set, then divide by how many are in the set.

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When to use it: A way to find the average of something. Use when data is symmetrically distributed.

Median: Arrange the list of numbers in order from least to greatest, then find the middle number (or average of the 2 middle numbers if it is even).

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When to use it: another way to show the average of something, in situations withouth symmetrically distributed data.

Mode: In a set of numbers, the number that occurs most often.

Range: Subtract the smallest number in the set from the largest number in the set.

Pictographs

Pictograms are graphs using pictures to represent their numerical values.

Every Pictograph has clear title and values represented.

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Line Graph

A line graph shows trends over time.

Horizontal Line = Time

Vertical Line = Variable

Trend Line - Line that closely fits the data and is used to describe it.

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Bar Graphs

Definition: Has space between the bars and is used to depict categorial data. Order does not matter.

There are other bar graphs such as percentage bar graphs, double bar graphs, and stacked bar graphs.

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Histograms

Histograms must have an order, and are made up of adjoining rectangles or bars. Histograms can be made easily with the use of a single-sided stem and leaf plot.

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Pie Charts

Is a circular chart divided into sectors, illustrating numerical proportion.

Pie charts are very widely used in the business world and the mass media.

Central angle - to find the percent of circle time 360 degrees

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Dot Plots

Dot Plots contain Numerical Data on a number line

Outlier - Greater or lesser than

Cluster - Isolated group of points

Gap - Large Space

Mode - number Occurs the most often on the line plot

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