Science, engineering and systems engineering

It is one of the main activities of the human mind

It comes from the Latin word 'scientia' which means knowledge

science as we know it originated 2500 years ago in ancient Greece

Circa is known as the first true scientist

I try to explain natural phenomena without referring to the gods

Thales

I try to develop verifiable explanations about the universe and the behavior of things

the Greeks considered the world as a natural system

governed by laws so they left the gods out

scientific method

body of techniques to investigate phenomena and obtain new knowledge

corroborate or correct what we already know

procedure by which empirical knowledge is generated

The advantage of the method is that it has no harm and is acceptable

thanks to the resilient of tests and experiments

the method is divided into six steps

1:

observe and formulate

it is done without thinking of practical purposes

2:

construct a hypothesis

3:

design a experiment

4:

rud the experiment and collect data

5:

reconfirm or reject (in total or in part) the hypothesis

6:

report the results

refers to studies and scientific activities

Benjamin Franklin

I use the term 'homo faber'

Latin expression for the creative man

the human being has the capacity to make particular tools

in order to achieve objectives to control and alter the environment

the term engineering derives from the Latin 'ingeniare' is related to the word engineer

That does designer or engine builder mean

the fundamental difference between science and engineering is

it is the need to know and understand things

they study the world as it is

it is the impulse to do things and achieve them

create the world that has never been

it is a group of interactive components that constitute a whole

It has been designed to meet an identified need

the system works predictably

performs satisfactorily for a certain period of time

the structure of the system is known and can be declared

can be executed or governed according to a set of defined instructions

a:

intervention system: solution planned for the problem

b:

realization system: resources probably include people, facilities etc.

all together understand the realization of the system

c:

deployed system: as shipped and commissioned

it will be the same as the intervention system for the system to change from its transition to operation

d:

support system: provides the deployed system with all necessary support to maintain

colloquially is the structured approach to solve identified needs or business opportunities

The origins

there is no time that marks the foundation of systems engineering

a series of initiatives between the late 40s and late 80s

they represent a change in which the systems were conceived and treated

the development of systems such as the atomic bomb, radar, missiles v1 and v2 etc

implied the need to combine and integrate multiple techniques

In the decade of 19940 Bell was the first to use the term 'systems engineering'

the study of missile systems in 1945 was considered a milestone in engineering quickly because it was integral

to address a complete system

communication with specialists was certainly necessary, in addition Wiener concluded that in any activity is very important the way of communication was the retrolimentation

that can be defined as the return of a part of an exit of a process or system at the entrance

especially when used to maintain or control the performance of the process or system

Among the main objectives of the general theory of systems was the integration of the various sciences (natural and social)

the development of unifying principles that run vertically through all individual sciences and a very necessary integration of scientific education

Harry H. Goode and Robert E. Machol. These two University of
Michigan educators and researchers published in 1957 Systems
Engineering:

An Introduction to the Design of Large-Scale Systems.
Their book was one of the first authoritative texts in systems
engineering, addressing its philosophy and methodology.

Jay W. Forrester. MIT’s professor Jay Forrester is the founder of the
methodology of analysis known as systems dynamics, which deals
with the interactions of the variables of a dynamic system.

Forrester
published in 1961 Industrial Dynamics, a method he developed to
study the behavior of industrial systems to show that growth and

stability are influenced by policies, decisions, structure and delays.

University of Arizona. In 1961 the University of Arizona established
the first department of systems engineering with graduate
programs.

Arthur D. Hall. In 1962 he set forth in his book A Methodology for
Systems Engineering his concept of systems engineering, encompassing
some essential elements such as the awareness of the customer’s needs,

Harold Chestnut. He was an electrical engineer and helped establish
the fields of control theory and systems engineering.

He wrote in 1965 his textbook Systems Engineering Tools and in 1967 Systems
Engineering Methods,

United States Air Force (USAF). USAF was the first organization
to publish a comprehensive systems engineering document.

At the same time, he noted that
similar problems and conceptions emerged in very different fields.
He thus saw the need for a unified approach and general system
theory was born as a doctrine of principles applying to all systems.

He has authored
over 30 books, including On Purposeful Systems: An Interdisciplinary
Analysis of Individual and Social Behavior as a System of Purposeful

Events (together with Frederick E. Emery) in 1972 and Redesigning
the Future: Systems Approach to Societal Problems in 1974.

Benjamin S. Blanchard and Wolter J. Fabrycky. These two professors
at Virginia Tech stressed in the early eighties the need to design
systems with a true life-cycle perspective

INCOSE. The year 1990 was particularly noteworthy because it
marked the formation of the first professional organization solely
dedicated to systems engineering.