2- ischemic Stroke

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Outils collaboratifs (Liste non exhaustive)

Szerző: Biree Arnaud

David Logan on tribal leadership

Szerző: Paweł Badeński

The Ballad

Szerző: Alessandra Ancilotto

Epilepsy

Szerző: Michelle Herman

HIV & AIDS

Tutorial ANSWERS

Q7: B

Q6 : KAPOSI S

Q5: D

Q4: B

Q3: C

Q2: D

Q1: A

complications

pneumonia, TB, candidiasis

Kaposi Sarcoma

Cutaneous signs may be the first manifestation of HIV; they can appear anywhere on the body and are usually brownish pink to deep purple.

Nursing management

monitor and manage complications

improve knowledge and coping strategies

improving nutritional status

reliving pain and discomfort

improving activity tolerance

preventing infections

promoting usual bowl pattern

promoting skin integrity

Medical management

treatment of immunodeficiency complications

antiretroviral therapy (ART)

Optimal viral suppression is defined generally as a viral load persistently below the level of detection

adherence is important

doesn't cure

but help people with HIV live longer, healthier lives

HIV treatment regimen

involves taking a combination of HIV medicines every day

Assessment and Diagnostic findings

nucleic acid (RNA) tests.

directly detect HIV

antigen/antibody test

directly detect HIV and antibodies

antibody test

tests for antibodies only

ELISA test

it allows early diagnosis of the infection before the onset of symptoms

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

used to test for The HIV antibody

Clinical manifestations

symptoms related to the immunosuppressed state

Sore throat and painful mouth sores. Swollen lymph glands

depression and psychological stress

weight loss

diarrhoea

headache

rash

fatigue

fever

stages

• stages unknown

Cases with no information on CD4+ T-lymphocyte count or percentage

• stages 3

the person is considered to have AIDS for surveillance purposes

stage 3 when the count drops below 200 cells/mm3 of blood

• stages 2

CD4+ T-lymphocyte cells are between 200 and 499

• stages 1

CD4+ T-cell counts drop to 500 to 1,500 cells/mm3 of blood

• stages 1, 2, and 3

based on the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count.

• Stage 0

The period from infection with HIV to the development of HIV-specific antibodies

primary - acute infection

precautions

Not donate blood, plasma, body organs, or sperm.

Avoid having unprotected sex with another HIV-seropositive person

risk for cross-infection

if patient is positive HIV

Inform previous, present, and prospective sexual and drug-using partners of their HIV-positive status

Take ART regularly to achieve viral suppression.

Consider pre-exposure prophylaxis if regularly engage in high-risk behaviors.

Avoid sharing needles, razors, toothbrushes, sex toys

avoid anal intercourse

Always use latex condoms and don't re-use

If the patient is allergic to latex, nonlatex condoms should be used; however, they will not protect against HIV infection.

Reduce the number of sexual partners to one.

Abstain from exchanging sexual fluids (semen and vaginal fluid).

mode of transmission

anal and vaginal sexual intercourse

sharing needles, syringes, or other drug injection equipment.

blood transfusions

mother to child

occur in utero, at the time of delivery, or through breast-feeding

transmitted in body fluids

blood, seminal fluid, vaginal secretions, amniotic fluid, and breast milk that contain infected cells.

What is it?

AIDS

first case identified

in 1981

acquired immune deficiency syndrome

used to describe a number of potentially life-threatening infections and illnesses that happen when the immune system has been severely damaged by the HIV virus.

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus

a retrovirus that attacks the body's immune system.