Kategóriák: Minden - zdraví

a Valentina Pirslin 3 éve

413

ALKOHOLI

Etanol je bezbarvá, těkavá a hořlavá kapalina s příjemnou vůní, obvykle dostupná ve formě 96% roztoku. Tento alkohol je klíčovou složkou alkoholických nápojů. Průmyslově se etanol vyrábí adicí vody na eten za zvýšené teploty a tlaku s fosforečnou kyselinou jako katalyzátorem.

ALKOHOLI

ALKOHOLI

Name the character


Type in the name of the character whose change throughout the story you are going to analyze.

Example: Nick Carraway.

OSNOVNA OBILJEŽJA

OPĆA FORMULA
R - OH

R - ugljikovodični lanac OH - hidroksilna skupina

IMENOVANJE
S OBZIROM NA POLOŽAJ -OH SKUPINE

ime alkana - položaj -oh skupine - ol

npr.: -> propan-1-ol -> propan-2-ol

ime ugljikovodika + -ol

npr.: metan + -ol = metanol

UGLJIKOVODIK + HIDROKSILNA SKUPINA
npr.: metan (CH4) + -OH = etanol

ALKOHOL I ČOVJEK

Character's behavior

Think of the character's behavior at the beginning of the story and look for the way it changed throughout the story.

MEDICINA
GLICEROL/GLICERIN

UPOTREBA:

medicinski i kozmetički proizvodi za kožu

bezbojna, gusta tekućina slatkasta okusa

puno ime: propan-1,2,3-triol

PRIMJENA:

The reason for the change in behavior

Type in the explanation for the character's change of behavior.

Example: He became so involved with dishonest and careless people that he began to resemble them.

lijekovi

sapuni

sredstva za čišćenje

dezinfekcijska sredstva

Medicinski alkohol → etanol pomiješan s vodom

The reason for the change in behavior

What caused the character to change the first behavior you mentioned? Type in the reason for the change.

Example: 'because no one else was interested ', and he felt Gatsby shouldn't be left alone in his last moments.

etilni alkohol → 70% voda → 30%

TRUDNOĆA
NUSPOJAVE:

Change in behavior

In what way did the character change the other behavior(s) you mentioned? Type in a relevant quote.

Example:
'You said a bad driver was only safe until she met another bad driver? Well, I met another bad driver, didn't I? [...]
I thought you were rather an honest, straightforward person. I thought it was your secret pride.'

mentalne retardacije

hiperaktivno i hiperagresivno ponašanje

poteškoće u koncentraciji i logičkom razmišljanju

poteškoće s čitanjem i računanjem

smetnje u rastu

djelovanje na djecu → stanični otrov

Change in behavior

How did the character change the first behavior you mentioned? Type in a quote to prove your statement.

Example: Nick assumes the whole responsibility for Gatsby's funeral arrangements, 'with that intense personal interest to which every one has some vague right at the end.'

djeca nemaju razvijen mehanizam za razgradnju alkohola

ALKOHOLIZAM
UTJECAJ NA ČOVJEKOVO ZDRAVLJE

bolesti jetre:

fibroza jetre

ciroza jetre

rak jetre

BOLESTI JETRE

alkohol se polako razgrađuje u jetri

prevelika količina→ pijanstvo

ovisnost o alkoholnim pićima

Initial behavior

How does the character act at the beginning of the story? Type in a relevant quote for your statement.

Example: Nick shows his immature side as he leaves to New York in order to avoid 'being rumored into marriage' with his girlfriend.

ALKOTEST

sprava koja mjeri koncentraciju alkohola u dahu

udio alkohola se mjeri u promilima (‰)

UDIO ALKOHOLA U ALKOHOLNIM PIĆIMA

Initial behavior

What is the character's behavior at the beginning of the story? Type in a relevant quote for your statement.

Example: Nick seems to be an honest person, calling himself 'one of the few honest people that I have ever known'.

pivo → manje od 3% (bezalkoholno) → 8% (ječmeno)

rakija → 40-60%

konjak → 53%

vino → 12-14%

METANOL (CH3OH)

Character's feelings

Focus on the way the character's feelings are presented at the beginning and at the end of the story, while explaining why they have changed.

pogonsko gorivo
proizvodnja plastičnih masa
otapalo za boje i lakove
miješanje: voda i organska otapala
vrlo otrovan
lako hlapljiva, bezbojna, zapaljiva tekućina

Change of feelings

In what way did the character change the feeling you mentioned?

Type in a quote to support your statement.

Example: 'They are a rotten crowd. You're worth the whole damn bunch put together.' - Nick criticizing the Buchanans.

sintezom iz ugljikova monoksida (CO) i vodika uz prisutnost katalizatora

Initial feelings


How does the character feel about a certain subject at the beginning of the story? Type in a relevant quote to support your statement.

Example: 'Reserving judgements is a matter of infinite hope.'

odvijanje reakcije pri povišenoj temperaturi i tlaku

REAKCIJA: CO + 2 H2 -katalizator, visoki → CH3OH tlak i temperatura

ETANOL (C2H5OH)

Title


Type in the title and author of the literary work that introduces the character.

Example: The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald.

UPOTREBA
kao pogonsko gorivo
kao otapalo
sinteza raznih organskih spojeva
dezinfekcija
SVOJSTVA
sastojak alkoholnih pića
96% etanol + sredstva koja vežu vodu = 100% alkohol
kupovni etanol - 96%
sobna temperatura -> bezbojna, hlapljiva i lako zapaljiva tekućina ugodna mirisa
DOBIVANJE
FRAKCIJSKA DESTILACIJA

razdvajanje smjese tekućina na pojedine sastavnice (frakcije) zasnovano na razlici njihovih vrelišta

Zagrijavanje smjese do vrelišta pojedine frakcije -> frakcija isparuje

kondenziranje para -> nastanak destilata različita sastava

PROCES DESTILACIJE

INDUSTRIJSKO DOBIVANJE

proizvodi se adicijom vode na eten

povišena temperatura i tlak uz fosfornu kiselinu (H3PO4) kao katalizator

CH2=CH2 + H2O → CH3-CH2-OH

ALKOHOLNO VRENJE (FERMENTACIJA)

prirodni proces pretvaranja otopine šećera u etanol

REAKCIJA: