Canada, War & Peacekeeping

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Post War Era (1945-1982) By Shaan Mewasingh

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Canada, War & Peacekeeping

Rwanda

In 1993, the UN sent about 2500 peacekeepers including 400 Canadians, to Rwanda

Rwanda had been in a state of conflict at the two main ethnic groups(Hutus and Tutsis) struggled for power.

A peace agreement had been reached, and the peace keepers mission was to make sure that the agreement was respected.

Then in 1994, an airplane carrying the Rwandan president Juenal Habyarimana, Hutu, was shot down

This was blamed on the Tutsis many Hutus went on a murderous rampage, killing Tutsis, as well as Hutus who criticized the government

over the next 100 days 800 000 people were killed and over 90% were Tutsis

This was done under the command of the Canadian General Romeo Dallaire.

Romeo Dalleire had warned UN officials of the risk of genocide

Romeo Dalleire pleaded for reinforcements and asked permission to seize Hutu weapons but his requests were ignored

When the genocide had started the UN peace keepers tried to protect as many people as they could but their small force could do little.

The United Nations

In the 1950's, Canada, as a middle power, accepted the role of quiet diplomat and respected mediator of disputes

Canadian Dr. Brock Chisholm was heavily involved with founding the world health organization.

The beginnings of the UN were on a battleship called the Prince of Wales on August 14, 1941

Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill discussed what become known as the Atlantic charter, a plan for international co-operation which they hoped would bring an end to the war

Prior to the war ending delegates from 50 countries gathered in san Francisco in June 1945 to create the United Nations.

These Delegates represented 80% of the worlds population.

6 months later, 26 allied nations signed a declaration stating that none of them would break ranks to negotiate peace with the axis powers.

Pearson & Peacekeeping

Lester Pearson was Canada's minister of external affairs

as the Suez crisis came to a head, he worked to find a solution that would allow the British, French, and Israelis to save face and go home.

Pearson was not the first person to think of making a international peacekeeping force, but he was the most capable

Pearson was given overwhelming support from the UN's general assembly "to secure and supervise the cessation of hostilities"

A Canadian general , E.L.M. burns, led the first international peace keeping force, called the UNEF

In the 1950's, Lester Pearson earned an international reputation for persuasive diplomacy

Pearson was awarded with the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957.

He was also quite well know for averting a possible nuclear war

Avro Arrow

After the Gouzenko affair and the start of the Korean War, Canadian politicians were incredibly concerned about a Soviet attack

The fear of a possible soviet attack inspired to spend more on the military and defense than on any other budget for the next 15 years.

In 1953 the government agreed to pay for the development of a new aircraft.

On October 4th 1957 a huge crowd gathered at Malton, Ontario, for the presentation of the arrow to the public and press.

A Canadian aircraft company took on the job of making this new plane the company's name was A.V. Roe Canada.

The Arrow's costs began spiraling, and on February 20th, 1959, Diefenbaker cancelled the program.

More than 15 000 A.V. Roe employees were laid off and the company was ruined.

Cold War & NATO

Soon after the cold war started, NATO stated that an attack against one country would be an attack against them all.

Throughout the cold war, NATO forces, including Canadians, kept military bases in west Germany to defend western Europe from possible soviet attacks.

NATO was founded by Canada and the united states, and many European countries.

NATO also expanded it's membership to former soviet union allies such as the Czech Republic and Hungary.

NATO was founded in 1949.

In 2003 NATO took command of the united nation approved international security Assistance Force in Afghanistan.

In 2009, the NATO force in Afghanistan numbered about 50 000 troops from 41 countries, including all 26 NATO members. Canada had deployed 2500 troops.