PROKARYOTES (EXTERNAL)

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ID

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cell map

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PROKARYOTES (EXTERNAL)

ARCHAE

Pseudopeptidoglycan

Naturally resistant to lysozyme and penicillin

GRAM NEGATIVE

Lipopolysaccharide high content

Outer membrane present

Periplasmic space present

Thin layer of peptidoglycan and bonded to lipoproteins

CELL WALL

Functions : Prevent bacterial cells from rupturing and provide rigid platform

Gram Positive

Teichoic acid present

Thick peptidoglycan and smaller than the Gram Negative

Exoenzymes are secreted

Peptidoglycan composed of repeating dissacharide which is NAG and NAM

Composed of peptidoglycan known as murein

Structures external to the cell wall

Glycocalyx

Source of nutrients

Protection from phagocytosis

Of substance is unorganized and one loosely attached to the cell wall, it's a slime layer

If substance is organized and firmly attached to the cell wall is capsule

Made of sugars called extracellular polysaccharide

Flagella

Amphitrichous-one flagellum at each end of the cell

Peritrichous - Spread over entire surface of cell

Lophotrichous - cluster of flagella at one or both ends

Monotrichous- one flagellum

Motility and attachment to surface

Axial Filaments

Bundles of fibrils that arise at the ends of the cell beneath the outer sheath

Fimbriae and Pili

Transfer of DNA from one cell to another and called as sex pili

Can occur are the poles of the bacterial cell and evenly distributed

Shape is influenced by environmental conditions, age of culture and antibiotic pretreatment

BACTERIA

No fixed shape

Pleomorphic

Bacterial shape: Unusual - Star, Square, Triangular

Arrangement : Cocci : diplococci, staphylococci, and streptococci

3 basic shapes which is coccus, bacillus and spiral

Sizes: 0.2 to 2.0 micrometers in diameter and 2-8 micrometer in length

The prokaryotes are group of organisms that lack a cell nucleus