Why did the Allies win WWII?-
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Importance of USSR
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Entry to Asian Pacific Theatre of War
USSR entered the war against Japan 3 months after the defeat of Germany. August 8 1945, the Soviets declared war on Japan. They were able to defeat the Kwantung Army in Manchuria and occupy Northern Korea, contributing to Japan's decision to surrender to the Allied Forces.
Resources and Production: The Soviet War economy
Battle of Kursk 1943: Soviets had 10 times as many tanks as Germans, more aircraft, more artillery and other weapons. E.g. rocket launchers. Soviets continued to advance forward until they reached Berlin in May 1945.
Britain and USA supplied vast amounts of food, raw materials and industrial equipment. E.g. USA provided USSR with over 500k motor vehicles and 1.9k locomotives and half of its supply of rubber tyres and copper
USSR shifted major industrial complexes to the Urals, Siberia and Kazakhastan, to muster a strong response to Germany capturing most of their agricultural and industrial capacity. 25 million workers were forced to migrate east and it contributed greatly to the war production
Soviets enacted harsh measures to make sure production kept up with the high demand (Adults in the USSR received no food unless they worked for the war effort, both men and women. Forced labour was used and the secret police kept control of the population)
Reorganisation and Resistance
The Soviets fought with them in a fierce battle and caused heavy casualities, but resulted in a victory as well after forcing the Germans to surrender by encircling them which raised the morale of Soviets.
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Stalin inspired confidence and loyalty in his people, calling upon them to fight and defend Russia
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1943: Germany advanced to the city of Stalingrad.
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Stalin and his military leaders reformed the Red Army completely after German advancement was halted by the Russian Winter in late 1941
They copied many of Germany's ideas and tactics, whill adding some of their own.
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Importance of Britain
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Ability to resist German invasion
Churchill refused any kind of deal
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Germany would've forced Britain to surrender armed forces if they agreed to a policy
Many politicians believed it was right for Britain to reach an agreement with Germany
the British Empire has immense manpower and resources of India. Majority fighting in Asia against the Japanese, but some in Europe and North Africa as well.
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Britain became a substantial military base. (New technology of radar that helped detect and locate incoming enemy aircraft, factories were effective in producing more aircraft to replace losses. Adding on, fighting over home ground gave Britain an advantage of tapping large reserves of spare parts for repair work and using less fuel for war production. Troops from all over the empire was also stationed at Britain)
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Importance of USA
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Economic Power
War production of allies was better than Axis powers
US supplied GMD in China with a lot of money, weapons and other aid to help fight the Japanese.
US built 250k aircrafts, 90k tanks, 350 naval destroyers, 200 submarines, 5.6k merchant ships (1941-1945)
Military power
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Island hopping strategy and Battle of Atlantic
Control of shipping routes across Atlantic to Britin and to USSR for US industrial prouction.
using air attacks and submarines to isolate Japanese held areas. Allowed allies to incur fewer casualties and come within striking distance of Japan in a few years.
Rebuilt fleet and trained troops quickly + vast resources were mobilised in a short time
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US supplied allies with food, raw materials, industrial equipment, weapons and ammunition, troops, ships and aircraft.
People,factories,shipyards,hollywood stars joined war efforts
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Japan's Military Weakness
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Lack of Local Support
-The Japanese were against many communist resistance movements which included China, Vietnam, North Korea, and the Malayans. Hence, due to the lack of support from the locals, and the added trouble of the communist resistance groups, the Japanese military was weakened.
-Many peasants joined guerrilla bands and fought against the Japanese when their land was seized.
-Japanese treated people in the empire poorly, resulting in the death of millions civilians.
-Japanese failed to destroy any US aircraft carriers which were more important than traditional naval power as they were not located at the Pearl Harbour during the attack, thus allowing the US to recover quickly from the attack.
-Failed to understand that war at sea had changed.
Overstretched empire
-Rail and road communications were poor in many areas due to the Japanese empire being very spread out, which made it difficult to deliver raw materials and workers to places they were needed.
Inter-service rivalry between Army and the Navy
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Both services could not agree on where to set Japan's defensive perimeter against the Allied forces.
-In the 1930s, the army and the navy both had different goals and ideas for seizing territories to obtain resources. During war, the rivalry prevented both groups from sharing resources and exchanging military intelligence which intervened with thei attacks and defences against Allies.
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Germany's Military weakness
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Poor Planning
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-The Germans did not invest in a radar and there was a shortage of fuel, ammunition and spare parts in the Luftwaffe.
-German bombers were too small and coulldn't carry bombs
-Too many resources were invested into building giant battleships and they failed to build aircraft carriers. The ships were destroyed by Allied aircraft.
Two-front war
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In 1941, he invaded the USSR and brought Germany to a two-front war which prevented him from concentrating on his efforts and resources.
In 1940, Hitler fought a single-front war with Britain and France but failed to defeat Britain.
Hitler's mistakes
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-Hitler decided to declare war on the USA
-Hitler attacked Stalingrad and was met with resistance from the Soviet troops
-Hitler had little military command experience.
