Essay Title
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Inertial reference system
Disadvantages
Time information cannot be given
INS is an expensive technology
Vibration and thermal variation may cause flaws in information data
An increase in computing complexity
Advantages
Operates at all the altitudes
Greater reliability
Reduced size
Lower cost
Inertial system
Sources of error
How these error can be overcome?
They might decide to deselect the system
If one system’s position differs from the other two by a predetermined amount the crew can be alerted to this
Gyro error
Alignment errors
Initialization errors
Alignment process
Important
Determine a local vertical and direction of true north
In inertial navigation system
Initial heading using
Laser gyro
Accelerometer
Determining the local vertical
How the accelerometer provides reference output
Processed to develop navigation data
Example
Two accelerometer and directed to N-S or W-E
Two accelerometer
Give out data velocity and distance in any lateral direction
Measure acceleration
Mount together with right angles
Calculate velocity and distance information
Only one direction
Operation of GPS system
In event of poor satelite coverage
The system uses other navigation sensor inputs to enter into a dead reckoning mode
Less than 30 seconds
Control segment
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Location
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Ground antennas
Located on
Five monitoring stations
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Located in
Ascension Island
Diego Garcia
Kwajalein
Hawaii
Colorado Springs
One master control station (MCS)
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Located at Schriever in Colorado Springs, USA
Purpose
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Ensures that GPS satellite orbit and clock remain within acceptable range
To predict the behavior of each satellite orbit and clock
Differences
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Almanac data
Considered valid for up to several months
Not very precise
Ephemerus data
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Necessary for
precise positioning
Clock correction for each SV
Very precise
orbital
Satellite
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FOUR satellites need to be in view to access the datas
Two-dimensional & three dimensional
Altitude
Longitude
Latitude
