Human behavior: altruism, jealousy and infidelity from an evolutionary perspective

The postulates about the biologically adaptive human social behavior patterns that conform to the process of natural selection on the basis of a genetically determined programming in the nervous, hormonal systems (Ortega, 2006).

some of these behavior are

Infidelity and Jelousy

Infidelity is defined as unfaithfulness by virtue of being unreliable and the cheating on a relationship partner that takes place despite a commitment to exclusiveness (Zare, 2011).

Gender Differences

Harris (2000) mentions that evolutionary psychologists have proposed a theory of gender differences in jealousy, which states that men and women have an innate predisposition to react differently to sexual infidelity versus emotional

Female

women are upset by emotional infidelity (Harris, 2000)

Male

Differences in jealousy pose the hypothesis that men are upset by sexual infidelity (Harris, 200)

Darwinian theory of cognitive modules

These theorists argued that men and women have different innate cognitive or emotional "modules" that determine their reactions to a couple's infidelity

Female

These studies find that most women report that emotional infidelity which would be worse than sexual infidelity,

Male

Evidently, men show more physiological reactivity to imagined sexual infidelity than to emotional infidelity (Harris, 2000)

Psychophysiology of jealousy

How are they studied?

The research techniques used to investigate the type of infidelity that is most annoying for each sex, originally incorporated psychophysiological records and self-reports (Buss et al., 1999)

Men

jealousy would evoke anger and a strong motivation for action (Buss, 1999)

female

women develop through the
phylogeny, a greater sensitivity to situations that threaten male parental investment in joint reproduction (Buss, 1999)

Altruism

we can define "altruism" as the behavior that benefits another organism, not closely related, and that is in apparent detriment to the organism that behaves in an altruistic manner (Matinés,2003)

Theories of explanation

HAMILTON’S THEORY OF KIN ALTRUISM

altruism, while benefiting the recipient, reduces the altruistic physical fitness (Buss, 2016)

while it favors those who benefit physical fitness

increases reproductive success

if natural selection disapproves of traits that impose a cost on physical fitness

reduces reproductive success

KIN RECOGNITION

combination of couples as evidence of a kinship recognition mechanism (Buss,2016)

considering

human capacity to detect family similarities

SINGLE LOCUS KIN RECOGNITION SYSTEMS

conjectured if a gene gave rise to a recognizable phenotype

and at the same time induced the bearer to benefit individuals sharing that phenotype

would spread faster and prevail over competing genes

THE COSTS AND BENEFITS (Buss, 2016)

Mother and Granmthers

survival of the offspring

create by Herin Camila Lopez

REFERENCES

Buss, D. M. (Ed) (2016). The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology. Volume 2. Cap. 18. Pag, 528-547

Buss, D. M., Shackelford T. K., Kirkpatrick, L. A., Chloe, J., Hasegawa, M., Hasegawa, T., et al. (1999). Jealousy and the nature of beliefs about infidelity: Tests of competing hypotheses in the United States, Korea, and Japan. Personal Relationships, 6(1), 125- 150

Harris, C. (2000). Psychophysiological Responses to Imagined Infidelity: The Specific Innate Modular View of Jealousy Reconsidered. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Vol. 78 (6). Pag 1082-1091. DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.78.6.1082

Martinez, M. (2003). La evolución del altruismo. Revista Colombiana de Filosofía de la Ciencia Vol. 4 Págs. 27-42. Recuperado de: http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/414/41400902.pdf

ORTEGA, L. (2006). PARALELOS EVOLUTIVOS EN EL ESTUDIO DEL COMPORTAMIENTO: CONSIDERACIONES EN TORNO AL PROBLEMA DEL MODO CAUSAL. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, volumen 38, No 1, p. 103-118: recuperado de: http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/rlps/v38n1/v38n1a07.pdf

Zare, B. (2011). Review of studies on infidelity . IPEDR vol.19 Recupérate to: http://www.ipedr.com/vol19/34-ICAMS2011-A10054.pdf

reproductive success