Thermal Properties Of Matter

What is Internal Energy?

Particles in a solid held together by strong interatomic or intermolecular bonds, and vibrate in a fix position.

The total energy of the particle is called Internal Energy

Internal Energy comprises of two components:

Kinetic Energy

Kinetic Component is due to vibration of particles

Vibration of particles is also related to temperature

Eg. higher the temperature, more vigorous the vibration

In liquids and gases, kinetic energy is due to movement instead of vibration

Potential Energy

Potential Component is due to the compressing and stretching of the interatomic and intermolecular bonds as the particle vibrate.

The amount of energy stored is dependent on the force between the particles and the distance between the particles

Melting

The change of state between solid to liquid

Melting occurs at a definite or constant tmeperature

occurs at a constant temperature

During the change of state, temperature does not change even though thermal energy is absorbed.

This temperature is called melting point

Solidification

Reverse process of melting

The change of state between a liquid to a solid