UNIT 1: Biochemistry

Macromolecules

Carbohydrates

Function of Carbohydrates:

-Get ATP -structure: part of cell wall and form part of DNA and RNA backbone -ID markers and communicators: in cell membrane linked to proteins and lipids

Monosaccharides

Fructose

B-galactose

Ribose

α-glucose

Deoxyribose

B-glucose

Disaccharides

Sucrose

Lactose

Maltose

Polysaccharides

Starch

1. Amylose

2. Amylopectin

Cellulose

Lipids

Function of Lipids:

-Storing energy: change carbs into fat and store the fat molecules as droplets in fat tissues -Insulation: A layer of fat under the skin -Building: membranes (phospholipid layers) and other cell parts -Chemical signalling molecules (hormones)

Types of Fatty acids

Saturated and unsaturated fatty acid

Cis Vs Trans

Triglycerides

Phospholipids

Structure of a Phospholipid

Phospholipid Bilayer

Micelle

Liposomes

Steroids

Cholesterol

Testosterone

Proteins

Function of Proteins:

-the most complex molecule in living organisms
-used as structural building blocks and functional molecules and are involves in almost everything that cells do

Monomers of Protein

Amino Acid

Glycine

Peptide Bond

Structure pf Protein

Primary, Secondary, and Quaternary structure in Proteins

Nucleic Acid

Function of
Nucleic Acid:

-informational nucleotides
-used by all organisms to produce identical copies of themselves which means that they can reproduce
instruction code of organism is stored along the strands of DNA