Unit-3: Languages

Demonstrative pronouns

Substitute people / things mentioned before
We can use demonstrative pronouns to quantify determiness.

THIS: singular, near

THAT: singular, far

THESE: plural, near

THOSE: plural, far

Pronouns: one / ones

Use: to avoid unnecessary repetition.
They are used with determiners: demonstrative, adjectives, prepositional phrases.

Tag questions

Form: with auxiliary verbs (do, have, will..) + subject

+ statement, - tag (frase +, question tag -)
- statement, + tag (frase -, question tag +)
Ex: You are a student, aren’t you? (same verb and subject)

used usually in speech
used to: confirm something in true
used to: encourage a reply from a person we are

Quantify determiners

Many + plural nouns Ex: Many engineers…
A few + plural nouns Ex: A few countries…
Few + plural nouns Ex: Few cars…

Much + uncountable nouns Ex: Much money…
A little + uncountable nouns Ex: A little coffee…
Little + uncountable nouns Ex: little energy…

So much + uncountable nouns
So many + plural nouns
Emphasize quantify of something

Too much
Too many
Negative meaning

Quantify determiners + of + noun
A bit of
Half of
Enough of
None of
Too many of

Affirmative or negative commands

Imperatives
Use: to tell somebody to do something
Don’t + infinitive: negative
Infinitive: affirmative

Ex: Wash the dishes, please
Don’t talk so loudly
Mary, close the door

Idioms

1. All Greek to me

2. Great minds think alike