Energy Sources and Pathways

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Energy Sources and Pathways

Muscle Fibre Types

Fast Twitch Muscle Fibres:

- ideal for short lasting activities

- can generate large amounts of tension with relatively low endurance levels

- have ability to relax and tense quickly

- more pale in colour

Type2B Fibres

- does not require oxygen

- stores lots of oxygen and high level of enzymes necessary for quick contractions

Type 2A Fibres:

- allow for high-speed energy release

- muscle fibres are intermediate type muscle fibres

Slow Twitch Muscle Fibers:

- able to maintain a lower level of tension for long durations

- generate and relax tension

- red or dark in colour

- ideal for long distance activities

Nutrients

- build and repair tissues

- regulate cellular acyivity

- supply energy

- chemical substances obtained from food

3 Key Nutrients

- fats

- carbohydrates

- provide energy use for cells

provide materials to build cell membranes

- essential for human life

- one of the most abundant natural substances in nature

- most important source of energy

- Protein

Energy Sources

Carbs, Fats and Protein

they are broken down to produce ATP during exercise

provides energy for long periods of time

used as an energy system for the aerobic lactic system

Glucose

broken down into pyruvate, which is converted to lactate

provides energy quickly

used as an energy source for the anaerobic lactic system

Creatine Phosphate

provides quick, short lasting energy

used as an energy source for anaerobic alactic system

Myoglobin

- acts as a storage unit for oxygen

- delivers oxygen to working muscles when they need it

- slow twitch muscles fibres are high in myoglobin

- fast twitch muscle fibres are low in myoglobin

- oxygen-binding protein located primarily in muscles

Energy Systems

Anaerobic

- occurs without the use of oxygen

- can occur in two separate metabolic pathways

one involving partial breakdown of glucose (Glycolysis)

one not involving the breakdown of glucose (ATP-PC)

Aerobic

-Requires oxygen

- leads to the complete breakdown of glucose

- involves many enzymes and several complex sub-pathways

one pathway (cellular respiration)