The CEFR

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The CEFR

Principles for teaching and learning

1. Adapt the CEFR to fit your context. 2. Focus on the outcomes of learning. 3. Focus on purposeful communication. 4. Focus on the development of good language learning skills.

The CEFR has become very important in the framing of language policy and the design of curricula and syllabuses. In practice, the CEFR can provide a straightforward tool for enhancing teaching and learning, but many teachers and other language professionals find the document difficult to use without further guidance.

Approaches

A plurilingual approach

The communicative approach

A brief history of the CEFR

The CEFR is the result of developments in language education that date back to the 1970s and beyond, and its publication in 2001 was the direct outcome of several discussions, meetings and consultation processes which had taken place over the previous 10 years.

How to read the CEFR

Throughout the CEFR book the emphasis is on the readers and their own contexts. The language practitioner is told that the CEFR is about ‘raising questions, not answering them’, and one of the key aims of the CEFR book is stated as being to encourage the reader to reflect on these questions and provide answers which are relevant for their contexts and their learners.

What the CEFR is

Levels

C2 - Mastery C1 - Effective Operational Proficiency B2 - Vantage B1 - Threshold A2 - Waystage A1 - Breakthrough

The CEFR is a framework, published by the Council of Europe in 2001, which describes language learners’ ability in terms of speaking, reading, listening and writing at six reference levels.