Analysis Connections

Flame

Colour

Duration

Size

Flame Colour

Emmison spectra

the emission spectrum is used to identify different elements

Atoms and their excited state

Higher Potential energy

An atom or ion is excited by heating it to high temperatures, the electrons are promoted from their normal unexcited state into higher orbitals.

Mixtures

A mixture is composed of one or more pure substances in varying composition

A small spot of a soluble mixture is placed on the paper. The solvent carries a mixture up the paper. Different components of the mixture have different relative affinities to the stationary and mobile phases and so travel up the paper at different speeds. This separates the components.

Homogenous

Heterogeneous

Pure Substances

Compounds

Elements

Non-Metals

Metals

Metalloids

Nobles gases

Cations

Smaller

Loose Electrons

Positive

Metals

An cation is an atom or molecule that is positively charged

Anions

An anion is as an atom that is negatively charged

Gain Electrons

Negative

Larger

Non-Metals

Reagents

Limiting Reagents

The reactant that is used up completly in a reaction is called a limiting reagent. They are substances that are completely used up in the completion of a chemical reaction.

Concentration

Concentration is the ratio of solute in a solution to either solvent or total solution.

Concentration Formula: M = N/V

Stoichiometry

Empirical Formula

Reactions

The Mole

Molar Mass

Avogadro's Number

Density

Archimedes Principle

Solutions

Solvent

Aqueous

Solute

Ph

Purity