ARCHITECTURE OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM

A computer system is a set of components that process data and produce information, with the CPU as the brain, memory for storing data and instructions.

KEY COMPONENTS

CPU -Logical arithmetic unit -Control unit -Registrations

MEMORY -Random access memory -Reading-only memory -caché

INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES --keyboard,mouse,scanner -monitor,printer -hard disks,optical drives -networks

BUSES

communication channels between components

TYPES -system buses -expansion buses

FUNCTIONS - data, address and control signal transport

TRAINING CYCLE

PHASES -Instruction search -Decoding -Execution -Storage

Interruptions -Hardware -Software

MEMORY

MEMORY HIERARCHY -Records -Cache -Main Memory -Secondary Memory

Memory Management -Memory Allocation -Pagination -Segmentation

OPERATING SYSTEMS

-Process management -Memory management -File system

TYPES -Monotasking -Multitasking -Real Time

COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE

VONNEUMANN -Traditional architecture

Harvard -Separation between data and instructions

RISC -Reduced set of instructions

CISC -complex set of instructions

CLUSTERED SYSTEMS

Set of connected computers

TYPES -High availability -Enhanced performance -Parallel computing

DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS

Data transfer without CPU intervention

PROCESS -DMA request -Data transfer -Interruption at completion

SWITCH-BASED ARCHITECTURES

Use of switches to interconnect components

ADVANTAGES -Higher bandwidth -Lower latency -More scalability

Security

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