Face recognition (within category judgement)

Familiar Faces (Paul McCartney)

Viewpoint independent

Time independent

Change independent

Unfamiliar Faces

Generally Worse

Kemp: Credit card image matching 36%correct

Bruce: Video Line Up 80% correct

Influenced by pose, lighting and viewpoint

Neuropsychological Evidence for indepent Modules by: Young: ex-servicemen

Concious (overt) vs. covert recog. points to seperate neural pathways

Covert Dorsal

Overt Ventral

IAC explains this: FRU to SIU-Not enough activation for covert/ enogh for overt

Starts where perception ends=structural classification

Bruce and Johnstons Speed Measuring: Recogntion happens in Stages

1. Perceptual classification, 2. Sematic classification, 3. Naming

Highly difficult task: High leval of detail

We have expertise through attentional bias from birth

Cognitive System : Overrule decisions, if unsure

Yin: Immediate recognition is good - probably image recognitino, not face

Face Recognition

Face Recognition units (Familarity)

Person Identiy Nodes (Semantic knowledge)

Name Gerneration

Facial Expression Analysis

Facial Speech Analysis (Lip reading)

McGurkEffect (ba, ba, ga)

Visual Recog

FRU's (Face Rec Units)= sensory id

SIU's (It's a singer and his name is Michael J.)

PINS (Personal Id nodes) One node matches a person

Say: its M. J.

Name Recog

WRUs (general word recgo units)

NRU's (Name Recog Untits)

Neuropsychological Evidence

Double Dissotiation

Prosopagnosia

Inahbility to recognize familiar faces

Capgras Delusion

Agnosia

Inability to rec objects ("outpouchings")= stop at percept (2,5 D or 3D) but no recogn)

Damage at earlier stages visual procc: A brush: "A wooden stick and a black object" (Humprheys)

Different Locations (fMri) in the brain from object recog

Is it just different because of within/ between category classification (unfair comparison)

Location specific: Evidence for a "Granmother" cell

Innate/ but Kick Start Johnson & Morton: Newborns show attentional bias to faces

Holistic/ configural processing

Diamond & Carey: Dog experts vs. non Experts worse at inversed dogs

First order: eyes above nose

Evidence: Searcy & Bartlett: Inversed spatial relationships were less grotesque

Second order: Differences in those relations

Quoalitatively Different: Yin: Inversion effect not for objects ?

Same three stages as object recognition: Percept.recog , sematic knowlege, naming

Evidence Youngs diary sutdes

Faster Rts of famil vs. semantic

Face Experts: innate bias toward faces:

Its a within categ. comp - with same cat. objects

Facees all look similar, objects dont

We need to account for facial emotions and facial speech

Difference familiar / unfamiliar faces

Matching rate only 80%

More holisitc

Yins Inversion effect is more destructive for faces comp to objets

But dog experts have more problems with inversed dogs

Grotesque

1st order: eyes, nose, mouth

Inverted impaired more 2nd order features: Epert tuning lost

Objects and Faces in different areas

Double dissotiations

fMRI

Neurological issues

Prosppagnosia

Two Routes: Dorsal / Ventral

Youngs ex-serivcemen

Facial Expression Analysis may still work

Familiar / Unfamilar reogntion may be affected

Bauers Covert Recognition

GSR response

Points to damaged Ventral (what)

IAC expalins this as weekend FRU to PIN connections

PIN to SIU ok (Therapy)

Capgras delusion both for face and objects

Damaged ventral

How?

1.Structural encoding (its a face?)

Viewpoint (2D) dependent

Viewpint indendent (3D) descriptions

2A. Face Recogntion units (FRU: i know him)

2 B. Person identity nodes PIN (a musician)

2 C. Naming (its Mick Jagger)

3A Facial Expression (emotional) analysis

3B. Facial Speech analyis

4. Directed visual Processing: Other semantic information (singers are attractive- check out his eyes

5.Cognintve System : Evaluate and feed back on what we see

Evidence

Naming=different

Young, Hay Allice: Diary Study: we can't name unless semtic info

Object / Face diference

Double dissitiation

Face recogntion

Propagnosia: some dont recognize faces

Object recognition

Agnosia: "Outpouchings" (Oliver Sacks)

3 Stages: Bruce Rt's

a) Familiarty is faster than sematnic (occupation)

b) x is a politician faster than naming

Two Routes?

Familiar

Structural: its face

Face Recognition (i know him)

Identity nodes (its a singer)

Name generation (its mick jagger))

Unfamiliar

Structural

Expression

Speech

Directed visual processing (difference to Familiar to check specific facial detail)

Evidence

Familiar / Unfamiliar=different or just harder

Malone: Doulbe dissistiation with 2 Patients (famous statesmen)

_Burton & Bruce IAC

connectionist model