Final Revisionnn

Proof of arithmatic series:

Sum of terms
Sn= (a)+(a+d)+(a+2d)...+(a+(n-2)d)+(a+(n-1)d)
Flip it over
Sn=(a+(n-1)d)+(a+(n-2)d)...+(a+2d)+(a+d)+(a)
Add together
2Sn=(2a+(n-1)d)+(2a+(n-1)d)...
n number of (2a+(n-1)d) therefore
2Sn= n(2a+(n-1)d)
Sn= 1/2 n (2a+(n-1)d)

Youthful and Ageing populations

Malthus, Boserup, Club of Rome

Chinese One Child Policy

French pro natalists

Wards of Herefordshire

TNCs

Sustainability

Increasing Food Production

Non-Market Policies

Intervention Pricing

Upper Section

Erosion

Vertical
Abrasion
Hydraulic Action

Transportation

Large
Traction
Saltation

Deposition

Little, largest

Middle Section

Transportation

Saltation
Most Suspension

Erosion

Lateral
Abrasion
Attrition

Deposition

Sand and gravel

Lower Section

Transportation

Suspension
Solution

Deposition

Clay, sand, silt

Erosion

Lateral erosion in meander formation

1. Alternating riffles and pools

2. Higher efficiency in pools => more energy

3. Uneven river flow across cross section

4. Turbulence increase in pools

5. Causes helicoidal flow => erosion and deeper pools
deposition

6. Bends become exaggerated giving asymmetric cross profiles

7. Oxbow Lakes

Hard Engineering

Dams

Huge Walls

Make Resoviors

Hydroelectric Power

Levees

Channel Straightening

Diversion Spillways

Tides

Sub-aerial weathering

Erosion

Features of Beaches

Hurricane Katrina

Soft Engineering techniques

Blackwater Estuary