Intermolecular forces
lipids
saturated fats
stronger london dispersion forces (Molecular Shape and Functionality, n.d., p. 5)
solid at rtp
unsaturated fats
weaker London dispersion forces
liquid at rtp
vegtable oil
hydrogen bonds
phospholipids
semi-fluid at rtp
into 3 types
Hydrogen bonds
strongest forces
when reacting with a highly electronegative atom ( between H and F, N, or O) via polar covalent bond
high boiling/melting point (Reusch, 2020, p. 2.11)
highly soluble in water (Langdon, n.d., p. 2.4)
non-polar solvents
London Dispersion forces
occurs between all molescules
weakest forces
the instantaneous forces are formed through random motion of electrons
organic compounds with only london dispersion forces are most soluble in
non-polar solvents
low boiling/melting point (Reusch, 2020, p. 2.11)
poorly soluble in water
difficult to overcome the hydrogen bonds in water molecules
olive oil
Subtopic
Dipole Dipole
interactions between dipoles on neighbouring molecules
higher boiling/melting point then london dispersion forces but lower then hydrogen bonds (Langdon, n.d., p. 2.4)
polar molecules. when the positive end of one polar molecule interacts with the negative end of another polar molecule
organic compounds with dipole dipole forces are most soluble
polar solvents
the positive ends and the negative ends of the moleucles interact with each other
they are highly soluble in water. (water is a polar solvent)