Learning Theories for Online Learning

Behaviorism

Learning can be observed and measured

Implications for online learning

Learners should be told explicit outcomes

Learners must be tested

Learning materials must be sequenced

Learners must receive feedback

Subtopic

Theorists

Thorndike

Pavlov

Subtopic

Skinner

Cognitive Psychology

internal process

Strategies for online learning

Use sensation to promote perception and attention

Retirieve existing info & construct memory link

Chunk to prevent overload

Apply, analyze, synthesize, evaluate, & contextualize

Accommodate learning styles

Perceiving

Concrete expereince

Subtopic

Reflective observation

Processing

Abstract conceptualization

Subtopic

Active experimentation

Accommodate cognitive styles

Field dependent

Field independent

Retirieve existing info & construct memory link

Chunk to prevent overload

Apply, analyze, synthesize, evaluate, & contextualize

Learning styles

Perceiving

Concrete experience

Reflective observation

Processing

Abstract conceptualization

Active experimentation

Cognitive styles

Field dependent

Field independent

Modes of presentation

textual

visual

verbal

Motivate

intrinsic

extrinsic

Keller's ARCS Model

Attention

Relevance

Confidence

Satisfaction

Metacognition

Learner adjusts learning strategy

Apply to real situations

Dependent on:

processing capacity

effort

depth of processing

existing knowledge

Theorists

G. A. Miller

D.P. Ausubel

F.I.M. Craik

R.S. Lockhart

E. Tulving

Transformation theory

Theorists

Mezirow

Relectively transforming beliefs, attitudes, opinions, & emotional reactions that constitute our meaning schemes or perspectives.

Interacting contexts

frame of reference

conditions of communication

process

self-image of learner

situation encountered during learning process

Constructivism

Interpret, process & create knowledge

Situated learning

Imlications for online learning

Active process

construct knowledge

Subtopic

Collaborative & cooperative

Learner controls process

Reflect & internalize

Meaningful assignments

Interactions

Learner-interface

Learner-content

Learner-support

Learner-learner

Learner-instructor

Learner-expert

Learner-context

Learner-centered

Theorists

Cooper

Wilson

Connectivism

Learning in a networked environment

Guidelines

Autonomous and independent

Constant process: Unlearn old information and learn new information

Identify important information

Recognize when ifo becomes invalid

Global -not location specific

Knowledge assembled from many sources

Machines will train the user

Research and locate new information

Continuous learning

Mutidisciplinary

Theorists

Siemans

Downes