Math concepts

Geometry and measurement

Pythagorean theorum

The Pythagorean theorem is used to figure out
the value of a side of a right triangle, usually the
hypotenuse (the opposite side of the right angle).
The formula is: a² + b² = c²
Then, you have to unsquare c² to get the value of the
hypotenuse.

The Pythagorean theorem is used to figure out the value of a side of a right triangle, usually the hypotenuse (the opposite s

Data management

Discrete and continuous data

Discrete data is data that has spaces between
values that are distinguishable. Usually, this
data is countable. An example of discrete data
is the number of people in a family.

Continuous data is data that falls on a continuum
and has an infinite amount of points in between
the values. This data includes things that can be
measured very precisely like height or weight. An
example of continuous data is the height of your
friend.

Quartiles

Quartile 1, is the number between the minimum and the median. Quartile 2 is the median. Quartile 3, is the number between the median and the maximum.

A box plot is useful for displaying the quartiles
on a number line. Example of a box plot:

A box plot is useful for displaying the quartiles on a number line. Example of a box plot:

Financial literacy

Simple and compound interest

Simple interest is interest that is always
calculated on the principal amount.
The formula is: A = P(1 + rt)

Compound interest is interest that is always
calculated on principal amount and the interest
that gets added. The formula is A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)

Terminology

Financial terminology:
Interest (I): The amount earned or the increase in value.
Principal (P): The amount at the beginning, the initial amount.
Future amount (A): The amount after the interest has been added.

Number sense

Rational and irrational numbers

Rational numbers are numbers that have a
terminating decimal or ongoing repeating
decimals. 25.8573628 is a rational number
because it has a terminating decimal.

Irrational numbers are numbers that have
ongoing non repeating decimals. π is an
irrational number because it has ongoing
non repeating decimals.

Fractions, decimals and percent

To convert a fraction to a decimal, divide
the numerator by the denominator.
An example is 2/10.
2 ÷ 10 = 0.2
The decimal is 0.2.
I you want to convert a decimal to a fraction,
do the opposite.

To convert a decimal to a percent, multiply
the decimal by 100 to get a percent. An
example is 0.7.
0.7 • 100 = 70
The percent is 70%
I you want to convert a percent to a decimal,
do the opposite.

To convert a fraction to a percent, divide
the numerator by the denominator to get
a decimal. Then, multiply the decimal by
100 to get a percent. An example is 6/8.
6 ÷ 8 = 0.75
0.75 • 100 = 75
The percent is 75%.
I you want to convert a decimal to a fraction,
do the opposite.

Exponents

There are some rules that you have to follow
when using exponents. They're called the laws
of exponents. Here they are:

There are some rules that you have to follow when using exponents. They're called the laws of exponents. Here they are:

Algebra

Alike and unlike terms

You get a term when you multiply a number
and a variable. The variable can also contain
exponents.

Alike terms are terms that have the same variables
and exponents. 3x² and 9x² are alike terms.

Unlike terms are terms that don't have the same variables
or exponents. 4x³ and 6x⁵ are unlike terms.

Polynomials

Polynomials are any number of terms that are
joined together by addition or subtraction.

A monomial is one term. 7x⁵ is a monomial.

A binomial is two unlike terms that are
joined by addition or subtraction. 8x⁴ + 9x⁷
is a binomial.

A trinomial is three unlike terms that are
joined by addition or subtraction. 3x⁶ + x - 2⁹
is a trinomial.

Distributive property

The distributive property is when you
multiply a number by each member in
a package, instead of doing the part in
the brackets first. An example is 8(4x + 2x).
You could do 4x + 2x first, then multiply that
by 8. Or, you could use the distributive property
and do 8 • 4x + 8 • 2x = 48x

Linear relations

Linear and non linear

A relation is linear when it's a line on a graph.
Example of a linear relation:

A relation is linear when it's a line on a graph. Example of a linear relation:

A relation is non linear if it's not a line on a graph.
Example of non linear relation:

A relation is non linear if it's not a line on a graph. Example of non linear relation:

Slope

The slope is the rise over the run or
Δx (change in x) over Δy (change in y)
Example of slope on a graph:

The slope is the rise over the run or Δx (change in x) over Δy (change in y) Example of slope on a graph: