PUNCTUATION MARKS

Is used for

Finish sentences

Abbrevations that

Always need a period.

Sometimes need the period.

Have three main jobs:

Separate items in a list

Used in certain conjuctions

Add non-essential information to a sentence

Have one main job

Introduce examples, explanations or details

Is used for

Finish sentences but it
connects with the next one

Is used for

Replace a missing letter

Shows possession

Plural letters

Are used for

Compound adjectives

Compound words with numbers

For some prefixes

like:

self-

non-

ex-

with proper nouns or numbers

like:

anti- European

post-1950

Compound numbers and fractions

There are two types

en dashes

Have a space on either side of the dash

em dashes

join onto the words before and after

They do the same work

Add extra information to a sentence

When the extra information
doesn't fit with the grammar
or with the sentence flow

There are two types

Single

Double

They do the same work

Quote what someone said

Express irony, sarcasm or scepticism

To refer words as words

Are used

Sparingly if at all.

is used to

Express exasperation,
astonishment, or surprise.

Emphasize a comment or short, sharp phrase.

Is used

At the end of all direct questions.

Including

Long questions

They could

Appear within sentences

not use a question mark for reported questions

Are named too as

Square brackets

Are used for

special purposes,
such as in technical
manuals.

Round brackets

Are used

When we want to add further explanation,
an afterthought, or comment that is to do
with our main line of thought but distinct from it.