Pseudotumor Cerebri (Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension)

Patient MRN: 111716

Female

49 years old

African American

Chief Complaint: Flashes and Floaters

Previous Diagnoses

Pseudotumor Cerebri

Papilledema

Sleep Apnea

Hypertension (150/95)

Presbyopia

Asthma

Medications and Supplements

Albuterol

Bisoprolol Fumarate (10mg)

Valsartan (160mg Tablet)

Ferrous Fumarate (324 mg Tablet)

Vitamin D

Iron

Laser Eye Surgery for "Hole in Eye" ~20 years ago

Family History

Father

Diabetes

Mother

Hypertension

Visual Acuity

Far Aided with Spectacles

OD: 20/60-1

OS: 20/70-1

OU: 20/40+2

Far Aides with Spectacles and Pinhole

OD: 20/40+2

OS: 20/40

Near Aided with Spectacles

OD: 20/30

OS: 20/25

OU: 20/20

IOP

OD: 15 mmHg

OS: 16 mmHg

Findings

Vitreous Opacities

Possible Posterior Vitreous Detachment (PVD)

Lumbar Puncture

Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)

Differential Diagnosis: Must be a form of Pseudotumor Cerebri

Not glaucoma

IOP's are within normal range

(Clara & Ribiero, 2015)

No clear indication of cause-->idiopathic

Correlational studies such as from Clara and Ribiero (2015) suggest that the cause of pseudotumor cerebri is correlated with females, obesity, hypertension, and increased BMI

(Clara & Ribiero, 2015)

Possibility of some visual field loss

Patient was unable to obtain a distance VA better than 20/40 suggesting that there must be ocular disease present and possibly some visual field loss

(Clara & Ribiero, 2015)

Papilledema

Major indication of PTC

(Clara & Ribiero, 2015)

Increased ICP without neurological findings

Major indication of PTC

(Clara & Ribiero, 2015)

Pseudotumor Cerebri

Pseudotumor Cerebri

Epidemiological Data: Correlational Study by Clara and Ribiero (2015)

50 Subjects (43 F, 7 M)

Study Parameters

Sex

Weight

Body Mass Index (BMI)

History of Hypertension

Visual Symptoms

Time from Original Diagnosis

Best Corrected VA

Results

Associated with females-->6:1 ratio (F:M)

Associated with obesity or being overweight-->increased BMI of 32 kg/cm^2 (class I obesity)

Associated with headaches-->80%

Associated with vision loss-->86%

More Information

Concerns with Disease

Causes an increased pressure on the optic nerve resulting in permanent damage

(Clara & Ribiero, 2015)

Possible visual field loss due to papilledema

(Clara & Ribiero, 2015)

Possible retinal hemorrhages

(Clara & Ribiero, 2015)

2 Types

Primary

Idiopathic, occurs without a known cause. Currently thought to be associated with obese/overweight females.

(Paley et al., 2015)

Secondary

Caused by medications or other preexisting conditions

(Paley et al., 2015)

Citations:

Paley, G. L., Sheldon, C. A., Burrows, E. K., Chilutti, M. R., Liu, G. T., & McCormack, S. E.
(2015). Original article: Overweight and Obesity in Pediatric Secondary Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome. American Journal Of Ophthalmology, 159344-352.e1. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2014.11.003

Clara L., A., Aley, T., & Mário Luiz Ribeiro, M. (2015). Factors affecting visual loss and visual recovery in patients with pseudotumor cerebri syndrome / Fatores que influenciam na perda e na recuperação visual de pacientes com a síndrome do pseudotumor cerebral. Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia, (3), 175. doi:10.5935/0004-2749.20150045