Semantic Features and Selection Restrictions

1985 states that the choice of the subject is a determinate syntactic feature of a verb, and that this syntactic feature must be attributed to the corresponding group of verbs.

(cf. npoaaoATa]; verb forms -
mainly, passive forms.

(cf. Ha6.am~aTbCg,
qynCTnonarbc~) or predicatives (cf. na~xo, c.nNmno)

Anna Wierzbicka "Semantics of
grammar" selection restrictions in grammar.

1987.

the kind of predicates that allow Neg-Raising. Negative predicates such as believing that <that> semantic features: [+Incompatibility of opposites] (You cannot believe that P and at the same time believe that not-P, although, for example, you can assume that P and simultaneously assume that not-P) and [+ Excluded
neutrality] (I don't think P is out of place in the context I never thought about it, whether P or not-P).

1988

Was shown that the Russian conjunctions qTo 'that' and KaK 'as' obey semantic distribution: qTO after verbs with the semantic component 'know/believe' (cf. similar considerations on English in Wierzbicka 1988) and Kag - after words with the 'perceive' component, cf. I;1 noMam, '~TO M~ TaM Kyna.al4Cb y fl noMmo, KaK MU TaM Kynam4cb.

1988b the semantic
invariant

predicates capable of introducing indirect question or its equivalent - parameter word; cf.

I know why he arrived; I know the reason of his arriva! , on the one hand, and *!. believe why h~ ca_me, *.I believe the reason of his arrival - on the other.

NLP resources have no equivalents in existing dictionaries.

7. Semantic features of transfer-
distinguish texts that allow literal interpretations
deviant or metaphorical

(as in the sea he smiled).

6. Semantic features may be useful in the procedure of revealing anaphoric relations in the text, cf.

Dahlgren, McDowell 1986: example The cat
did not drink the milk. It spilled.

As the verb to spill presupposes a subject which is a liquid, the pronoun may be unambiguously associated with the milk and not with the cat.

5. During the analysis of coordinate constructions, it is necessary to perform a transformation.

opposite to the reduction of conjunctions, and semantic agreement is what gives an idea of how this transformation is going to be carried out.

4. Combinability of verbs with adverbials designating time, place, reason, purpose, instrument etc

Denotes controlled action and, consequently, having an agent endowed with free will.

The adverbial of purpose is only possible in the context of a verb.

semantic agreement.

3.

Disambiguation of a lexically homonymous noun by addressing transfer features of the predicate.

Thus, semantic features are usable for disambignation of words in context.

a.Oxna rocTan~ttbt
BHXOj~$1T Ha ~or;

the word .rocT~HX_U~a 'hotel' has a categorial
feature [-Movable]; hence the stative meaning of the verb n_~xoztnr~ 'go out'

b. l']eTfl BblXO,I~HT Ha ay~xafiKy.

Ma.ab'mK 'boy' has the
feature [+Movable] and the verb ~h~xg.&~.Tb has its
usual meaning of a verb of motion.

2. Disambiguation of a lexicon
homonymous preached word:

categorical feature of a The argument can help choose the correct lexical meaning of the predicate.

1. Reveal predicate-argument relationships in
analysis algorithms:

The categorical characteristics of the argument must agree with the transitive characteristic
predicted for this argument by the predicate.

The proper identification of a syntactic construction depends on the semantic agreement of the words.

Semantic features can make a substantial contribution.
In syntactic analysis.

U. Weinreich (1967), who proposed a useful distinction between a paradigmatic semantic feature.

(TG), where semantic features are strictly opposed to syntactic ones.

In TG, semantic features do not participate in the formulation of grammatical rules.

purposes

1) is considered as a basis for semantic agreement
(example- pretty girl versus *pretty man).

2) it explains deviant and metaphorical readings
(as in a grief ago, before the wall etc.)

3) adds provisional semantic contents to a potentially ambiguous word to impose a semantic agreement.

Designed, for natural language processing purposes.

lexical database (LBD)

vocabulary presented in a machine-readable format and consisting of several domains.

Semantic features

[ + speech act verb], [ + performative verb], [ + movement verb], [ + kinship term],
]+Body Part], [+Person (as opposed to a
physical body)], [+Parameter], etc.

bibliographical database (BBD)

In each lexeme all documents that contain some useful lexicographic information about that lexeme or characteristic are mentioned.

Contains bibliographic information on individual lexemes, cf. Krylov 198~).

The vocabulary consists of about 12,500 words.
The morphological information is extracted from the Zalizniak 1977 dictionary.