speaking in another language

what l2 speakers need to know

sociocultural knowledge

genre knowledge

speech acts

register

discourse

grammar

vocabulary

phonology

availability for use: implications for teachers

target language features awareness

l1 features integration into l2

l2 features use in real time

differences between l1 and l2 speaking

L1 and L2 performance relationship

Language development

fluency

communication strategies

circumlocution

word coinage

foreignizing

approximation

all-purpose word

paralinguistics